評論
打印
Let me give a couple of examples of how patricians used those resources
我來講幾個例子，說明新家庭如何使用這筆財富
I mentioned earlier the early 16th century legislation
剛才我提到16世紀早期的法律
that required nobles to register the birth of their sons with government officials
規定貴族生下兒子后到政府官員處登記
in order to ensure their sons' patrician status
以確定新生兒的貴族資格
The father had to call in at least two witnesses who could vouch for the legitimacy of the marriage
父親必須提供最少兩個目擊者來保證婚姻的合法性
And the social acceptability of the bride and mother
同時能承認孩子生母的社會身份
an action that entailed a monetary penalty if testimony proved false or incorrect
如果被發現作偽證則要處以罰金
Surprisingly this exercise was conducted with a marked lack of reliance on patrilineal kin
令人驚奇的是這一法規明顯缺乏父系親屬的保障
Only one quarter in a sample of 83 birth registration entered in the golden book of the patriciate
83個登記入貴族金皮書的樣本只有1/4的新生兒
belonged to either the father's or the mother's cazzata
從屬父系或母系的家族
And what's really noteworthy is this exercise which after all was necessary
值得注意的是這一規定畢竟是必要的
for the continuity of the patriline's noble status
因它保障貴族身份的持續性
Drew only 18 percent of witnesses from the father's lineage
但卻只有18%的證人來自父系家族
the majority of the others were almost certainly marital kin of the parents
其他中的大多數幾乎是父母的婚姻親屬
I haven't done a systematic analysis
我沒做過系統的分析
But I'll give one mind twisting example
不過有一個復雜的例子
of the extended and durable marriage connections that operated in golden book registrations
說明婚姻中延伸而長久的各種關系存在于金皮書的登記手續中
My wife said I probably shouldn't do this late on a Friday
我妻子覺得我不應該挑在星期五晚上做這個
But I'm gonna try it anyway
不過我還是要試試
In 1526 the one month old Andrea Arimondo was registered with as one witness
1526年一月大的Andrea Arimondo登記為一個證人
a brother of the husband of a sister of the child's father
是他父親姐夫的兄弟
And as the other witness the husband of a sister of his mother
另一個證人是他的一個姨丈
That example shows reliance on a chain of marriage alliances
這個例子說明了公證依賴于婚姻的關系網
Extending outward from that of the child's parents to those of their siblings
它從夫妻雙方向他們的兄弟姐妹延伸
It was the same thing with the marriage registrations that were mandated in a law of 1526
婚姻登記這一程序也一樣，它是1526年強制推行的
For nobles who would want their son's patrician status recognized in 1506 you registered the birth of the son
對那些想要兒子的貴族身份得到認可的貴族1506年需登記的是出生
1526 they pushed back even further to the marriage
1526年更進一步，需證明婚姻的合法性
The marriage had to be registered before any son was born
必須在孩子誕生前就登記結婚
The marriage had to be reported by two near relatives of each spouse who had witnessed the wedding
需由男女雙方各兩名近親提出登記，這兩人都必須參加過婚禮
In 55 marriage registrations by 12 of these cazzate only 14 percent of the 215 close relatives
在12個宗族的55樁婚事中，這215名近親只有14%
Belonged to the bride's or the groom's cazzata
從屬于男方或女方的家族
The rest were related by marriage
其他人則和婚姻直接相關
This very conspicuous participation
這里顯而易見
of persons from other cazzate in the most serious of a noble family's vital passages from birth through marriage
外族的人參與到貴族家庭中的人婚前最重要的事件中來
conveys the limited influence that lineage membership exercised on patrician social behavior
說明家族的成員不怎么影響到族人的社會行為
And the eagerness of families to spread their webs as social collaboration outside the male line
也說明新家庭熱衷于擴展父系之外的社會關系網
Those extralineage ties show that the structures of patrilineal descent
這些非家族的關系紐帶說明了雖然父系關系
That link the present to Venice's distant past
連結著威尼斯的今天和遙遠的過去
And regulated the continuity of its individual cazzate its ruling elite and its regime had limited influence in the way
維護著單個家族的穩定將統治精英與政權相結合，卻不怎么能夠影響貴族們
Nobles conducted their family's social relations in practice
自身家庭的社交實踐
