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Newlywed girls like these were helped in their adjustment by keeping up their contacts with their birth families
新婚女子能更適應(yīng)環(huán)境，如果與娘家保持聯(lián)系的話
Almost always naming their parents and siblings often along with their husbands
她的兄弟姐妹通常與丈夫一起
as executors in the wills they usually drew up during their first pregnancies
作為遺囑的執(zhí)行人，通常在第一胎時寫好遺囑
These often occurred in the first years of marriage
內(nèi)容通常就是婚后前幾年的生活
as we saw with the wife of Giovanni Bondimier
正如我們所知的Giovanni Bondimier之妻
who had those three daughters in the five years after her wedding
婚后五年生下三個女兒
It was true also of Orda Da Canal whom I just mentioned
剛提到的Orda Da Canal也是
And also Arimonda Marino
Arimonda Marino也是如此
The affectionate young wife I mentioned at the beginning of my talk both were pregnant when they drew up their wills
以及剛開始時我提到的那位深情的少婦都在懷孕時寫好遺囑
These early pregnancies accelerated
早婚使得少婦們
the social and psychological maturing of young wives as they prepared for
社交和心理都加速成熟，因?yàn)樗齻円鲎銣?zhǔn)備
And then experienced the new and more responsible status of motherhood
然后體驗(yàn)為人母全新的責(zé)任感
I want to focus a bit more closely on the effects of a young bride's presence in her new marital situation
我們再詳細(xì)談?wù)勑履镌诨橐鲋械淖饔?/div>
Whether the new couple lived with the husband's family or on their own
新婚夫婦無論是和男方家人一起住還是組建小家庭
Certainly the most potent effect was the way the dowry
最有力的影響當(dāng)然是嫁妝
replaced the husband's economic substance with the addition of new elements
怎樣取代新郎的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位為之帶來新的因素
The marital family headed by a husband lived off the proceeds of the dowry
以丈夫?yàn)槭椎男禄榧彝タ恐迠y來生活
whether it took the form of profits from invested dowry cash rents from real estate
形式則多種多樣，把嫁妝的現(xiàn)錢投資牟利，房產(chǎn)得到的租金
Or interest from shares in a public debt dowries were cobbled together with any or all of these
公債股權(quán)的利息就是這些拼湊起嫁妝
And sometimes even fabrics imported from the East
有時候甚至包括從東方進(jìn)口的布料
To be marketed by the new husband applying the profits he gained to the upkeep of his family
丈夫可以把它售出，從中獲利來供養(yǎng)家庭
was after all the whole purpose of the dowry
這就是嫁妝的意義
But their importance in the family's well-being
但家庭福利的重要性
highlights the considerable weight of the wife's material presence in the household
彰顯出女人的財力對每家每戶都相當(dāng)重要
In Florence tax surveys tell us
弗洛倫薩的稅務(wù)調(diào)查告訴我們
wives' dowries accounted for one fifth to one third of a family's conjugal wealth
女人的嫁妝占到了雙方財產(chǎn)的五分之一到三分之一
There are no equivalent Venetian figures
威尼斯則沒有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)
But we can get a sense of a similar situation there from an act of the Senate of 1535
但情況應(yīng)該也類似1535年上院的一條法令
trying once again to put a stop to those immoderate dowries
再次試圖阻止嫁妝過度激增的趨勢
The Senators lamented that unlike the adventurous noble merchants of past centuries
議員們都哀嘆前代的貴族商人敢于冒險
Young men nowadays disdain
現(xiàn)在的年輕人卻不屑如此
I'm quoting business in the city in overseas commerce
說的是他們不屑進(jìn)行海外市場城市的貿(mào)易
Or in any other worthy industry
或者其他有利可圖的行業(yè)
But instead were content to live off their wives' dowries
反而卻滿足于靠女人的嫁妝過活
The indolence of some young husbands whose numbers senate greybeards probably exaggerated
這些懶惰的年輕人的數(shù)量可能被年老的議員夸大
The hopes of every husband that his wife would bequeath her dowry
每個丈夫都希望妻子會把嫁妝
to the couple's children including those daughters
傳給后代包括女兒
A woman's birth family's heavy investment in her dowry
女人娘家這筆大額投資
and the basic principle that the wife was the ultimate proprietor of the dowry
以及原則上妻子才是嫁妝的最終所有人
All those things but a married woman
所有這些使已婚婦女
in the middle of a complicated interfamilial game in which her loyalty
陷入復(fù)雜的家族事務(wù)中她的忠誠
And its tangible expression in how she used her dowry was the prize
以及這忠誠如何具體表現(xiàn)在嫁妝的使用上是這一切的獎賞
