評(píng)論
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You all know about multitasking.
你們都知道"多任務(wù)處理"(multitasking)。
You all have been faulty of multitasking when you're driving and you pick up your cellphone.
一邊開車一邊拿起手機(jī)的多任務(wù)處理不是明智之舉。
Bad idea. Very bad idea.
非常糟糕。
Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,
為什么？因?yàn)槟愕淖⒁饬?shí)際上轉(zhuǎn)移到了你的手機(jī)上，
you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly to the car braking in front of you
于是不能對(duì)前面的車況做出敏捷的反應(yīng)。
and so you're much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.
所以你出車禍的可能性大大增加了。
Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.
現(xiàn)在我們可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中測量這種能力。
We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see how many car accidents they have.
我們當(dāng)然不會(huì)讓人開著車到處跑
That would be a little costly proposition.
然后看看會(huì)出幾場車禍。這個(gè)方案代價(jià)有點(diǎn)高。
But we design tasks on the computer where we can measure,
但是我們可以通過特殊設(shè)計(jì)的電腦程序
to millisecond accuracy, how good they are at switching from one task to another.
精確到以毫秒為單位測量，考察人們能多快地在不同任務(wù)間切換。
When we do that, we actually find that people
當(dāng)我們做這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)
that play a lot of action games are really, really good.
玩很多動(dòng)作電子游戲的人完成得真的非常非常好。
They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.
他們?cè)谌蝿?wù)間的切換非常快速敏捷。他們所付出的代價(jià)很小。
Now I'd like you to remember that result,
現(xiàn)在，我希望大家記住這個(gè)結(jié)論，
and put it in the context of another group of technology users,
把它帶入到另外一群科技使用者的背景下。
a group which is actually much revered by society, which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.
這些可以“多媒體任務(wù)處理”的人相當(dāng)受社會(huì)推崇。
What is multimedia-tasking?
什么叫“多媒體任務(wù)處理”？
It's the fact that most of us, most of our children,
我們中的很多人，還有很多孩子
are engaged with listening to music at the same time as they're doing search on the web
都會(huì)一邊聽著音樂一邊上網(wǎng)搜索信息
at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.
一邊和朋友在臉譜網(wǎng)上聊天。
That's a multimedia-tasker.
這就是可以“多媒體任務(wù)處理”的人。
There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford
有一個(gè)試驗(yàn)由斯坦福的研究人員們先做，
and that we replicated that showed that
我們又進(jìn)行了重復(fù)試驗(yàn)過的研究表明
those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.
被認(rèn)為是高效的“多媒體任務(wù)處理者”多任務(wù)處理的能力非常糟糕。
When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.
他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室里被測量的表現(xiàn)真的很差。
Right? So these kinds of results really makes two main points.
這樣的結(jié)果主要說明了兩個(gè)問題。
The first one is that not all media are created equal.
第一，不是所有的媒體都生來平等。
You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking and the effect of playing action games.
不能比較多媒體處理對(duì)人的影響和玩動(dòng)作電子游戲?qū)θ说挠绊戇M(jìn)行比較。
They have totally different effects on different aspects of cognition, perception and attention.
他們對(duì)于認(rèn)知，知覺和注意力的影響都是完全不同的。
Even within video games,
就算是在電子游戲之中，
I'm telling you right now about these action-packed video games.
我指的是動(dòng)作電子游戲中，
Different video games have a different effect on your brains.
不同的游戲?qū)δ愕拇竽X的影響也是不同的。
So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure what is the effect of each video game.
所以我們需要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中測量每個(gè)游戲的影響分別是什么。
The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.
第二，所謂的常識(shí)很多時(shí)候是不靠譜的。
I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that
像我剛才講到的
despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers have a lot of very good vision, etc.
雖然動(dòng)作電子游戲的玩家長時(shí)間看屏幕，但他們的視力依然很好就是例子之一。
Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates
現(xiàn)在最讓人擔(dān)憂的是那些
that actually report engaging in a lot of high multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.
常常多媒體任務(wù)處理的大學(xué)生們深信他們表現(xiàn)得很好。
So you show them their data, you show them they are bad
你把他們的數(shù)據(jù)給他們看，告訴他們其實(shí)他們表現(xiàn)得不怎么樣，
and they're like, "Not possible."
但是他們覺得那根本不可能。
You know, they have this sort of gut feeling that, really,
他們卻覺得實(shí)際上
they are doing really, really good.
自己做得非常非常好。
That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab
這也是為什么我們需要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里
and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.
真正地去測量科技對(duì)于大腦的影響。
