評論
打印
Thank you, Cynthia.
謝謝，辛西婭
Let me get this straight.
讓我直說
Although you're looking for a drug
盡管你在找尋一種藥
that can solve aging
它能解決
in old men like me,
像我一樣老人的衰老問題
what you could do now pretty well in the lab,
幾乎在實驗室你能做什么
if you were allowed ethically,
如果你在道德上被準許
is start a human life from scratch
從人類生命開始
with altered genes that would make it live for a lot longer?
改變基因就能使得人們生命更長久嗎
Ah, so the kinds of drugs I was talking about
我剛在講這些藥
would not change the genes,
不是改變基因
they would just bind to the protein itself
它們只會聯系到蛋白質本身
and change its activity.
改變它的活性
So if you stop taking the drug, the protein would go back to normal.
所以如果你停止服藥，蛋白質會返回到平常
You could change the genes in principle.
原則上你可以改變基因
There isn't the technology to do that.
還沒有科技這樣做
But I don't think that's a good idea.
但我也認為這不是個好主意
And the reason is
理由是
that these hormones,
這些激素
like the insulin and the IGF hormones and the TOR pathway,
就像胰島素和IGF-1激素和TOR傳遞
they're essential.
它們是最基本的
If you knock them out completely, then you're very sick.
假若你完全沒有它們，隨后你就病得很重
So it might be that you would just have to fine tune it very carefully
所以可能只會非常小心地調試它們
to get the benefits without getting any problems.
在沒有什么意外情況下使它們起作用
And I think that's much better,
我想這會更好
that kind of control would be much better as a drug.
這種調試就像用藥一樣會更好
And also, there are other ways of activating FOXO
當然，也有其他方法激活FOXO
that don't even involve insulin or IGF-1
甚至不需要胰島素和IGF-1激素
that might even be safer.
這甚至會更加安全
I wasn't suggesting that I was going to go and do it, but ...
我不是建議我要去試試，但是
There's a phenomenon which you have written about and spoken about,
你曾寫過和講過一種現象
which is a negligible senescence.
它是一種可忽略的衰老
There are some creatures on this planet already
在這星球上已經有些生物
that don't really do aging.
它們不會衰老
Just move to one side for us, if you would.
那讓我們從另一面來說，假若可行的話
There are. There are some animals that don't seem to age.
是的，有些動物好像不會衰老
For example, there are some tortoises called Blanding's turtles.
例如，有種叫布蘭丁的龜
And they grow to be about this size.
它們生長到約這種尺寸
And they've been tagged, and they've been found to be 70 years old.
它們被標記，我們發現它們是70歲
And when you look at these 70 year-old turtles,
當看著這些70歲龜
you can't tell the difference, just by looking,
你不能只從相貌看出區別
between those turtles and 20 year-old turtles.
在這些70歲龜和20歲龜之間
And the 70 year-old ones,
70歲龜
actually they're better at scouting out the good nesting places,
事實上能更好地探出安巢的好地方
and they also have more progeny every year.
它們每年也有更多的后代
And there are other examples of these kinds of animals,
還有其它這種動物
like turns, certain kinds of birds are like this.
像是某種鳥類就好比這個
And nobody knows if they really can live forever,
沒人知道它們真的能永世活著
or what keeps them from aging.
或者是什么使得它們不衰老
It's not clear.
這都不清楚
If you look at birds, which live a long time,
如果你看看鳥類，那些活很長的
cells from the birds tend to be more resistant
這些鳥的細胞趨于更能抵制
to a lot of different environmental stresses
許多不同種的環境壓力
like high temperature
比如高溫
or hydrogen peroxide, things like that.
或過氧化氫，像這類似的
And our long-lived mutants are too.
我們長壽變異體也是如此
They're more resistant to these kinds of stresses.
它們更能抵制這些壓力
So it could be that the pathways that I've been talking about,
所以這可能是我所說的傳遞
which are set to run really quickly in the worm,
它在線蟲身上設定和運轉得非常快
have a different normal set point
有一個不同標準設定點
in something like a bird, so that a bird can live a lot longer.
如同鳥身上的那種，以至于鳥類能活很久
And maybe they're even set really differently
或許它們甚至在動物中設定得非常不同
in animals with no senescence at all -- but we don't know.
一點都沒有衰老--但我們不得而知
But what you're talking about here
但你這兒所談到的
is not extending human lifespan
不是通過預防死亡
by preventing death,
來延長人類壽命
so much as extending human youthspan.
如同延長人類青春期一樣
Yes, that's right.
是的，是這樣
It's more like, say, if you were a dog.
這更像是，如果比作狗
You notice that you're getting old, and you look at your human
你發覺你在變老，你看看人類
and you think, "Why isn't this human getting old?"
你想，“為什么這人不變老？”
They're not getting old in the dog's lifespan.
在狗的一生，人們沒有變老
It's more like that.
這更像這種情況
But now we're the human looking out and imagining a different human.
但現在我們是人類看著和想象著一個不同的人
Thank you very much indeed, Cynthia Kenyon.
的確十分感謝，辛西婭·肯尼婭
