評論
打印
And there are certain forms of the FOXO gene
我們發現活到90或者100歲人里
that have found to be more frequently present
最常有的
in people who live to be 90 or 100.
某種FOXO基因
And that's the case all over the world,
這是遍布全球的例子
as you can see from these stars.
正如大家看到的這些星星
And each one of these stars represents a population
每一個星星代表一個人群
where scientists have asked,
科學家曾問過
"Okay, are there differences in the type of FOXO genes
“好吧，在這些活得非常久人群里
among people who live a really long time?" and there are.
FOXO基因有什么不同嗎？” 是的
We don't know the details of how this works,
我們不知道這起作用的細節
but we do know then
但我們知道
that FOXO genes can impact
這FOXO基因能影響
the lifespan of people.
人們的壽命
And that means that, maybe if we tweak it a little bit,
這意味著或許如果我們調試一下基因
we can increase the health and longevity of people.
我們可以增加人們的壽命和保健功能
So this is really exciting to me.
所以這對我而言很興奮
A FOXO is a protein that we found in these little, round worms
我們在這些小圓形線蟲發現的FOXO是種蛋白質
to affect lifespan,
它影響壽命
and here it affects lifespan in people.
它也影響人們的壽命
So we've been trying in our lab now
所以現在我們一直在我們實驗室
to develop drugs
研發藥物
that will activate this FOXO cell
它會激活這種FOXO細胞
using human cells now
現使用人類細胞
in order to try and come up with drugs
為了試藥
that will delay aging and age-related diseases.
用藥來延緩衰老和老齡引發的疾病
And I'm really optimistic that this is going to work.
這會行得通，我對此非常樂觀
There are lots of different proteins that are known to affect aging.
延緩衰老所熟知的有許多不同蛋白質
And for at least one of them, there is a drug.
至少它們中的之一就是藥物
There's one called TOR, which is another nutrient sensor,
有種叫TOR，它是另一種營養傳感器
like the insulin pathway.
如同胰島素傳遞
And mutations that damage the TOR gene --
毀壞TOR基因的變異體
just like the daf-2 mutations --
如同daf 2變異體--
extend lifespan in worms
延長線蟲
and flies and mice.
蒼蠅和老鼠的壽命
But in this case, there's already a drug called rapamycin
但在這情況下，已經有種藥叫納巴霉素
that binds to the TOR protein
和TOR蛋白質聯系在一起
and inhibits its activity.
抑制它的活性
And you can take rapamycin and give it to a mouse --
你可以拿納巴霉素，給老鼠試試--
even when it's pretty old, like age 60 for a human,
甚至當它非常老，如同60歲的老人
that old for a mouse --
那么老的一只老鼠--
if you give the mouse rapamycin,
如果給老鼠納巴霉素
it will live longer.
它會活得久點
Now I don't want you all to go out taking rapamycin.
現我不想讓大家都去吃納巴霉素
It is a drug for people,
它是適應于人類的藥
but the reason is it suppresses the immune system.
但原因是它會抵制免疫系統
So people take it to prevent organ transplants from being rejected.
所以人們吃了它會因排斥而不能器官移植
So this may not be the perfect drug
所以這或許不是種完美的藥物
for staying young longer.
來永葆青春
But still, here in the year 2011,
但這還是2011年
there's a drug that you can give to mice at a pretty old age
就是這種藥，你能把它給非常老的老鼠
that will extend their lifespan,
它會延長它們的壽命
which comes out of this science
這科學試驗
that's been done in all these different animals.
已經試用于所有這些不同動物身上
So I'm really optimistic,
所以我非常樂觀
and I think it won't be too long, I hope,
我認為我希望，它會不久
before this age-old dream begins to come true.
這個延緩衰老夢想早日實現
Thank you.
謝謝
