The discovery of undesired effects is, however,
然而 藥物出現不理想的作用
intrinsic to the experimental nature of medicine.
也是源于藥物試驗性的本質
Clinical trials are done on thousands of people,
臨床試驗在幾千人身上進行
but some side effects are only found
然而有些副作用
when hundreds of thousands take them,
只有上百萬的人服用以后
when the drug comes to the market.
也就是藥物進入市場之后才會被發現
You might start picking up side effects
你可能會出現一些副作用
that you couldn't have anticipated,
可能是一些意料之外的
that you didn't know, that are relatively rare
你不了解的 很罕見的副作用
but nonetheless can sometimes be important.
卻有可能很重要
Drug development is an ongoing clinical trial
藥物發展就是在不斷的進行臨床試驗
in which we all play a part.
我們都是試驗的一份子
There's no such thing as a totally safe medicine.
是藥三分毒
There's no such thing as a
根本沒有一種藥物
medicine that we know absolutely everything about
我們能了解它的一切
and therefore there is some uncertainty, and that persists.
因此有一些不確定因素 且將持續存在
Because this goes to the heart of what medicines are.
因為這源于藥物的本質
When you make a medicine,
你在制造藥物的過程
you're trying to disrupt a fundamental biological process.
你要試圖打亂基本的生物進程
That's a pretty profound change.
這是個復雜的變化