評(píng)論
打印
The educational materials
教育材料
presented here were developed by students
是由愛(ài)荷華州立大學(xué)食品科學(xué)和人類營(yíng)養(yǎng)系的
and faculty of the department of food science
全體教員和學(xué)生開發(fā)出來(lái)
and human nutrition at Iowa State University.
并呈現(xiàn)在這里的
Funding for this project was provided by grants
這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的資金
from the American Cancer Society Midwest
是由美國(guó)中西部癌癥協(xié)會(huì)和
and the Lance Armstrong Foundation.
蘭斯阿姆斯特朗基金會(huì)撥款的
The materials are intended for educational use
這些材料是供教育使用的
and are not meant to provide medical advice.
并不提供醫(yī)療建議
We welcome your feedback about these materials;
我們也歡迎你們對(duì)這些材料提供反饋
please use the evaluation survey link on the
請(qǐng)使用我們主頁(yè)上的評(píng)估調(diào)查連接
home page to provide your comments and suggestions.
提供你們的評(píng)論和建議
Oral cancer risks can be lowered or even
理解簡(jiǎn)單的基本口腔衛(wèi)生
prevented by simply understanding basic oral hygiene,
口腔里不同的細(xì)菌以及飲食如何影響口腔癌
different bacteria found in the mouth and how diet
可以降低甚至阻止患口腔癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
influences oral cancers. Currently research is being
目前正在進(jìn)行研究飲食和
done on the relationship between diet and oral cancer.
口腔癌之間的關(guān)系
Today I will share with you some of this research.
今天我將會(huì)和你們分享其中的一些研究
I will begin with some background on the oral
首先，我將會(huì)向你們介紹一些有關(guān)口腔的背景
cavity.According to the national cancer institute
根據(jù)國(guó)家癌癥協(xié)會(huì)
the oral cavity includes the lips, gums, teeth,
口腔包括嘴唇，牙齦，牙齒
tongue, lining of the cheeks, salivary glands,
舌頭面頰內(nèi)部，唾液腺
floor of the mouth, roof of the mouth, soft palate,
口腔底面，上腭，軟腭
uvula, oropharynx and tonsils. The most common target
小舌，咽部以及扁桃體，最常見的目標(biāo)是
is the lining of the mouth and is commonly referred
嘴巴內(nèi)部，經(jīng)常也稱之為細(xì)胞癌
to as squema cell carcinoma. The oral cavity is home
口腔里有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的細(xì)菌
to millions of species of microbes, most of these
大多數(shù)細(xì)菌都是有益的
microbes are beneficial and have specific functions
在嘴巴里有具體的功能
inside the mouth however there are some microbes
然而，也有一些細(xì)菌是有害的
that are harmful. After looking at what the oral
在知道了口腔的定義后
cavity is now let's look at some ways to keep it
我們一起來(lái)看看那一些保持口腔干凈
clean and free from harmful bacteria. According to
阻止細(xì)菌入侵的方式
the American dental association practicing good oral
據(jù)美國(guó)牙醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)，健康的口腔衛(wèi)生可以
hygiene can help protect your mouth in many ways.
在很多方面幫你保護(hù)牙齒
These recommendations include brushing twice a day,
這些建議包括一天刷兩次牙
using a fluoride toothpaste, flossing or using a mouth
使用含氟牙膏，牙線，或者在刷牙時(shí)使用
wash between brushing to limit plaque and enamel loss,
清潔刷，來(lái)減少噬菌或者清除牙釉質(zhì)
replacing toothbrushes every 3 o 4 months or when the
每3到4個(gè)月或者牙刷毛有磨損時(shí)
bristles begin to fray to prevent gum damage and poor
更換一次牙刷，防止牙齦損壞刷牙沒(méi)有效果
brushing, and yearly dental visits for cleaning and
每年去做牙齒清潔和檢查
examinations. Usually these visits are when oral
通常，口腔癌是在做牙齒檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的
cancers are discovered. Good oral hygiene does not
健康的口腔衛(wèi)生看似并不是很難養(yǎng)成
seem too hard to follow but many of us do not follow
但是我們大多數(shù)人并不會(huì)嚴(yán)格遵守
it very closely. It is easy to skip flossing, forget
我們很少用牙線清潔牙齒
when to replace your toothbrush or just too busy to
經(jīng)常忘記更換牙刷，忙得忘記了檢查牙齒
visit the dentist. When bad oral hygiene is practiced
口腔衛(wèi)生一旦變差
the mouth is compromised and bacteria take over.
口腔就易受到危害，細(xì)菌就會(huì)侵入
One major negative of bad oral hygiene is the
糟糕的口腔的最主要的一個(gè)負(fù)面結(jié)果就是
development of dental carries or cavities.
發(fā)展成拔牙和蛀牙
These include holes or structural damage to the teeth
在圖片的右上側(cè)和左下側(cè)
as seen in the picture on the top right and bottom left.
我們會(huì)看到牙齒的洞和結(jié)構(gòu)性破壞
Another negative of bad oral hygiene is gingivitis.
糟糕的口腔衛(wèi)生的另一個(gè)負(fù)面影響就是
This is the inflammation of the gums surrounding the
牙齦炎，它是指在清潔之后仍然
teeth because of plaque left behind after cleaning.
有噬菌斑殘留而形成的牙齒周圍的牙齦發(fā)炎
Bad oral hygiene also causes halitosis or what is
糟糕的口氣衛(wèi)生會(huì)引起口臭
commonly known as bad breath. Finally one of the worst
也是我們通常指的口里有異味
results of bad oral hygiene is oral cancer.
最后，口腔衛(wèi)生糟糕的最差的結(jié)果之一就是
How many species of bacteria do you think call the
口腔癌，你覺(jué)得口腔里有多少種細(xì)菌呢
oral cavity home? There are over 600 different species
在口腔里大約有600種已知的
of known bacteria in the mouth. Why do these problems
不同種類的細(xì)菌
of bad oral hygiene occur? It is because of the 600
這些口腔衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題為什么會(huì)發(fā)生呢
different known species of microbes in the mouth.
因?yàn)樵诳谇焕锎蠹s有600種不同種類
Although we know many bacteria that call the oral
的已知細(xì)菌，盡管我們知道口腔是許多
cavity home, new bacteria are continuing to be
細(xì)菌的寄生場(chǎng)所，而且還正在繼續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)
discovered. It is estimated that over 100 million
新細(xì)菌，據(jù)估計(jì)每毫升唾液有超過(guò)一億的細(xì)菌
microbes are in one milliliter of saliva. The majority
大部分細(xì)菌是在幫助消化的口腔里發(fā)現(xiàn)的
of the microbes found in the mouth aid in digestion
并且是有害的
and are harmless. Other bacteria in the mouth utilize
口腔里其他的細(xì)菌利用殘留下來(lái)的糖
the sugars and carbohydrates left forming acids.
和碳水化合物，形成酸
As a result the acids destroy the enamel on the tooth
結(jié)果，酸破壞了牙齒上的牙釉質(zhì)
causing tooth decay, dental carries, gingivitis and halitosis.
引起齲齒，拔牙，牙齦炎，和口臭
