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This chart shows the 3 main nutrients that childhood
這幅圖展示了兒童癌癥治愈者所缺少的3種
cancer survivors were deficient in; folate, calcium
主要的營養成分 葉酸鹽、鈣、鐵
and iron. This chart also compares their
這圖也比較了他們同正常兒童相比
deficiencies to a normal children’s diet.
所缺少的營養
As you can see both children diagnosed with cancer
正如你看到的，不管是患有癌癥的兒童
and normal healthy children are deficient in calcium
還是正常健康兒童都會缺鈣
whereas childhood cancer survivors are also uniquely
然而兒童癌癥治愈者卻缺少葉酸鹽和鐵
deficient in folate and iron. These nutrient
這些營養成分缺失
deficiencies could have negative health implications
對他們以后的生活健康是非常不利的
later in life.So what can we conclude from this study?
從這項研究中 我們能得出什么結論呢
While this study showed that 32% of childhood cancer
盡管這項研究顯示 32%的癌癥兒童幸存者
survivors are not meeting their requirements for
并沒有達到鈣的需求量
calcium other literature suggests that up to 68% of
其他的材料也顯示68%的癌癥兒童幸存者
childhood cancer survivors are not meeting the
沒有達到規定的鈣的需求量
guidelines for calcium intake. This population is
這些群體更有可能患
at a greater risk of developing complications related
和骨質疏松正相關的并發癥
to osteoporosis because their cancer treatments may
因為他們的癌癥治療
have altered their bone metabolism interfering with
可能改變了他們的骨骼新陳代謝
their ability to obtain peak bone mass during growth.
這阻礙了他們在生長期間獲得骨峰值的能力
While treatment greatly affects children’s overall
然而 治療極大的影響了孩子整體的骨密度
bone mineral density it is a multi factorial process
這是一個多因子過程
and adequate calcium intake, especially in the form
尤其以奶制品的形式充足的攝入鈣
of dairy, as well as weight bearing exercises can help
負重鍛煉可以幫助阻止諸如
prevent complications such as osteoporosis and help
骨質疏松癥等并發癥的發生 幫助孩子
kids obtain a peak bone mass.The 50% of children
獲得骨峰值 50%缺乏葉酸鹽的孩子
deficient in folate are also at risk of long term
也有著長期的健康問題
health effects. Many studies have shown a direct link
許多研究顯示 在降低的也算鹽攝入量
between decreased folic acid intake and increased
和增高的同型半胱氨基酸積累之間
rates of homocysteine accumulation. In the body folate
有著直接聯系
acts as a co enzyme and participates in several single
體內的葉酸鹽作為一種輔酶 參與好幾種
carbon transfer reactions such as the synthesis of
單一的碳循環反應 比如說
components in DNA, RNA and proteins. Homocysteine is
DNA,RNA,和蛋白質的合成
an amino acid that under normal conditions is
同型半胱氨基酸在正常情況下
converted to mathyenine with the help of folate thus
在葉酸的幫助下 轉化成谷胱甘肽
once folate is lacking in the diet homocysteine levels
因此 一旦飲食上缺乏葉酸
build up which is not good. Increased levels of
同型半胱氨基酸就會增加 這就不好了
homocysteine are associated with increased risk of
同型半胱氨基酸增加和心臟以及血液濃度
heart and blood level diseases such as atherosclerosis
等疾病都有關系 比如動脈硬化
and blood clots. Children should consume dark leafy
和血栓 孩子應當多吃深顏色的綠色蔬菜
green vegetables which are rich in folate to prevent
這些蔬菜富含葉酸可以阻止
this deficiency. Many fortified foods such as fortified
這種缺陷 許多強化食品 諸如強化谷物
cereals, breads or pastas are good sources of folate
面包或意大利面 都是好的葉酸來源
as well. Iron deficiency can be very dangerous
孩子缺乏鐵也會很危險
in children. Iron has several vital functions in the
鐵在身體中扮演諸多重要角色
body including carrying oxygen into the tissues from
包括以血紅蛋白的形式從肺部
the lungs in the form of hemoglobin. The direct
把氧氣運輸到組織
consequence of iron deficiency is iron deficiency
缺鐵最直接的后果就是貧血癥
anemia. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness and hair
癥狀表現為疲勞，虛弱，掉頭發
loss. The best source of iron in any diet is red meat
紅色肉類是獲得鐵最好的食物來源
however sometimes it’s hard for kids to eat a lot of
然而 有時候對于孩子來說吃很多紅肉
red meat. Another alternative to this is to have
很難 那就讓孩子每天吃一點
children take a one a day supplement that contains
含鐵的補充品
iron. Quality supplements should meet 100% or less of
好的補充品應當滿足每日的推薦營養量
the RDA for that nutrient.
或者稍稍少點
So in conclusion malnutrition should be avoided in
總之 兒童接受癌癥治療時
children receiving cancer treatments. The common causes
應避免營養不良
of malnutrition include the chemotherapy and other
營養不良最常見的起因包括化療
aggressive treatments as well as the increased metabolic
以及其他的積極治療 還有由于癌癥類型
rates due to the specific types of cancer. Going along
而增加的新陳代謝速率
with this the side effects of malnutrition included
營養不良的副作用包括
increased treatment time, a decreased quality of life
治療時間增加 幸存后的生活質量下降
after survival and a greater chance of becoming
以及以后的生活中消瘦或者超重
underweight or overweight later in life. While enteral
然而 腸道營養是營養支持最好的形式
nutritional is the best form of nutritional support in
在大多數情況下
most cases parenteral nutrition has been shown to be
腸外營養是改善營養不良
the best for reversing malnutrition. And finally after
的最好方式 最終
undergoing cancer treatment children are usually most
孩子在經過癌癥治療以后
deficient in folate, calcium and iron meaning dietary
通常會缺乏葉酸鹽 鈣 鐵
intervention should be taken to counter act. Thank you
就意味著我們應當采取飲食干預來應對
all for listening, I hope you have enjoyed the
謝謝收聽
presentation and learned something today.
我希望你們喜歡今天的介紹并且學有所獲
