評論
打印
Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention?
你們覺得人的注意力是可控制的嗎？
Even more than that,
或者更進一步，
what about predicting human behavior?
人的行為可預(yù)知嗎？
I think those are interesting ideas, if you could.
如果可以的話，我覺得這些想法很有趣。
I mean, for me, that would be the perfect superpower,
對我來說，這些會是完美的超能力，
actually kind of an evil way of approaching it.
只不過是有點邪惡罷了。
But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 years
過去20年，我一直在用一種非傳統(tǒng)的方式觀察人類行為：
studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way:
過去20年，我一直在用一種非傳統(tǒng)的方式觀察人類行為：
picking pockets.
小偷小摸。
When we think of misdirection,
提到錯誤引導(dǎo)，
we think of something as looking off to the side,
我們總覺得是將注意力放在事物的其他方面，
when actually it's often the things that are right in front of us
但實際上，往往在我們眼前的事情
that are the hardest things to see,
是最難被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，
the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.
那些你天天看到的東西反而是你的盲點。
For example, how many of you still have your cell phones
舉個例子，現(xiàn)場有多少人身上帶了手機？
on you right now?
舉個例子，現(xiàn)場有多少人身上帶了手機？
Great. Double-check.
很好，再檢查一遍，
Make sure you still have them on you.
確保手機還在身上，
I was doing some shopping beforehand.
因為我剛才在場下轉(zhuǎn)了轉(zhuǎn)。
Now you've looked at them probably a few times today,
你今天估計已經(jīng)看過好幾次手機了，
but I'm going to ask you a question about them.
但我接下來要問你們一個問題。
Without looking at your cell phone directly yet,
不要看你的手機，
can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner?
你能記得屏幕右下角是什么圖標(biāo)嗎？
Bring them out, check, and see how accurate you were.
現(xiàn)在拿出手機，看一下，你猜對了嗎？
How'd you do? Show of hands. Did we get it?
怎么樣？猜對的請舉手。
Now that you're done looking at those, close them down,
好了，請放下手機。
because every phone has something in common.
每一部手機都有一個共同點，
No matter how you organize the icons,
那就是無論你如何整理圖標(biāo)，
you still have a clock on the front.
你的首頁都會顯示時間。
So, without looking at your phone, what time was it?
那么，不看手機，現(xiàn)在幾點了？
You just looked at your clock, right?
你們之前剛剛看了時間，不是嗎？
It's an interesting idea. Now, I'll ask you to take that a step further with a game of trust.
非常有意思。接下來，我們把這個游戲更進一步。
Close your eyes.
閉上眼睛。
I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard
我意識到我剛才告訴你們我是個小偷，
there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
現(xiàn)在卻要讓你們閉眼睛，但還是請閉上。
Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds.
到目前為止，你們觀察我已經(jīng)至少有30秒了。
With your eyes closed, what am I wearing?
請告訴我，我穿的什么衣服？
Make your best guess.
盡力想。
What color is my shirt? What color is my tie?
我的襯衫是什么顏色？領(lǐng)帶是什么顏色？
Now open your eyes.
現(xiàn)在請睜開眼睛。
By a show of hands, were you right?
如果你猜對了，請舉手。
It's interesting, isn't it? Some of us are a little bit
很有趣對不對？有些人的感知能力比其他人
more perceptive than others. It seems that way.
要強一些，至少看起來是這樣。
But I have a different theory about that, that model of attention.
關(guān)于這種注意力模式，我有另外一種解釋。
They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention.
注意力模式的理論有很多， 比如波斯納的三位一體注意力模式。
For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system.
我喜歡把它想得簡單一點，就像一個監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)。
It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors,
就好像你有許許多多的感覺器官，
and inside your brain is a little security guard.
在你的大腦內(nèi)有一個小小保安人員，
For me, I like to call him Frank.
我先暫且把它稱作弗蘭克。
So Frank is sitting at a desk.
弗蘭克坐在桌子旁，
He's got all sorts of cool information in front of him,
他眼前有各種各樣的信息，
high-tech equipment, he's got cameras,
高科技裝置，照相機，
he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears,
還有能接聽訊息的手機，
all these senses, all these perceptions.
各種感覺和知覺。
But attention is what steers your perceptions,
但是注意力是能引導(dǎo)你的認知的東西，
is what controls your reality. It's the gateway to the mind.
它掌控你看到的現(xiàn)實，它是通往你的心靈的大門。
If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it.
如果你不注意某個東西，你就不會察覺到它。
But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it.
有意思的是，你也會在自己不察覺的情況下注意到某個東西。
That's why there's the cocktail effect:
這就是為什么會有雞尾酒效應(yīng)：
When you're in a party, you're having conversations with someone,
所謂雞尾酒效應(yīng)，是指當(dāng)你在一個派對上專心與某人交談時，
and yet you can recognize your name
卻能立馬聽到你的名字，
and you didn't even realize you were listening to that.
而你都沒有意識到自己在聽那個另外的對話。
Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this,
我的工作就是充分利用這個效應(yīng)，
to play with your attention as a limited resource.
玩弄你們有限的注意力。
So if I could control how you spend your attention,
來看看我能不能控制你支配自己的注意力的方式，
if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction.
看看我能不能通過干擾來竊取你的注意力。
Now, instead of doing it like misdirection
現(xiàn)在，與其進行錯誤引導(dǎo)
and throwing it off to the side,
并將其轉(zhuǎn)移到其他方面，
instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank,
我選擇的是專注于弗蘭克，
to be able to play with the Frank inside your head,
與你腦中的弗蘭克，也就是那個小保安，游戲一場，
your little security guard,
與你腦中的弗蘭克，也就是那個小保安，游戲一場，
and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses,
讓你暫時不專注于外部感知，
just to go internal for a second.
而是專注于內(nèi)部感知。
So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that?
如果我讓你讀取一段記憶，比如：這是什么？
What just happened? Do you have a wallet?
剛才發(fā)生了什么？你有錢包嗎？
Do you have an American Express in your wallet?
你錢包里有運通卡（信用卡）嗎？
And when I do that, your Frank turns around.
當(dāng)我問這些問題的時候，弗蘭克轉(zhuǎn)過身去，
He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape.
他去找資料，他必須倒帶。
And what's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape
但有趣的是，他在處理新信息的時候
at the same time that he's trying to process new data.
不能進行倒帶這一任務(wù)。
Now, I mean, this sounds like a good theory,
這聽起來是個挺棒的理論，
but I could talk for a long time and tell you lots of things,
我可以講很久，告訴你們很多東西，
and they may be true, a portion of them,
它們中有一些可能是真的，
but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live.
但是我認為當(dāng)場演示效果會更好。
So if I come down, I'm going to do a little bit of shopping.
所以如果我走下臺，我又要逛一下了。
Just hold still where you are.
請保持原地不動。
Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you.
你好，見到你很高興。
You did a wonderful job onstage.
你在臺上的演講很棒。
You have a lovely watch that doesn't come off very well.
你的手表不錯，但有點不好取。
Do you have your ring as well?
你有戒指嗎？
Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet.
很好，只是清點一下。你們簡直就像豐盛的自助餐廳，
It's hard to tell where to start, there's so many great things.
不知道從兒哪開始啊，這么多好東西。
Hi, how are you? Good to see you.
你好，很高興見到你。
Hi, sir, could you stand up for me, please? Just right where you are.
先生你好，能麻煩你站起來一下嗎？站在原地就好。
Oh, you're married. You follow directions well.
哦，你結(jié)婚了，不錯。
That's nice to meet you, sir.
很高興見到你，先生。
You don't have a whole lot inside your pockets. Anything down by the pocket over here?
你的口袋里似乎沒什么東西，下面口袋還有什么嗎？
Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.
希望有吧，請坐。謝謝！
Hi, sir, how are you?
先生你好！
Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch.
很高興見到你，你戴了戒指，還有手表。
Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.
您身上有錢包嗎？ 喬：沒有。
Apollo Robbins: Well, we'll find one for you.
羅賓：很好，待會兒我找一個給你。
Come on up this way, Joe.
請往這邊走，喬。
Give Joe a round of applause.
請為喬鼓掌。
Come on up Joe. Let's play a game. 喬，
請上臺，讓我們玩?zhèn)€游戲。
(Applause)
（掌聲）
