評(píng)論
打印
Japanese pirates were a constant problem
然而 日本海盜猖獗
not only for Chinese and Korean traders, but for the Japanese as well.
中國(guó)、朝鮮乃至日本的商人不勝其擾
At that time, Japan was also ravaged by civil wars.
同時(shí) 日本國(guó)內(nèi)混戰(zhàn)
Subsequently, the Ming Dynasty which ruled from 1358 to 1644
為此 明朝政府在1385年-1644年
decreed that Ningbo was the only port where Japanese-Chinese trading could took place.
下令規(guī)定寧波為中日貿(mào)易唯一港口
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
豐臣秀吉
was one of the great unifiers of Japan.
是日本統(tǒng)一的三位英杰之一
He wanted to conquer China,
他覬覦中國(guó)
when Korea, at that time, a vassal state of China
那時(shí)朝鮮是明朝政府的藩國(guó)
refused to permit Japan passage through that territory,
朝鮮拒絕日本從其領(lǐng)土進(jìn)入中國(guó)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea and eventually Manchuria in 1592.
豐臣秀吉侵略朝鮮 并最終于1592年進(jìn)入滿洲
But the Japanese were unable to keep their supply lines open
但由于朝鮮民兵不斷挫敗他們
because Korean guerrilla forces continued disrupting them
日本沒法保持供給線暢通
Subsequently, the Japanese were forced to accept the truth in 1593.
不得已 日本于1593年接受事實(shí)
It lasted about 4 years after which the Yoshi once again attacked.
四年后 好景不長(zhǎng) 豐臣秀吉再次發(fā)起侵略
This time the Chinese and Koreans
此時(shí)中朝早已整裝待發(fā)
were well-prepared and again defeated Japan.
再一次擊退日本
The frustrated Japanese troops retreated from the Korean peninsula
氣餒的日本軍隊(duì)從朝鮮半島撤退
obliterating cities and slaughtering civilians as they went.
所到之處 毀尸滅跡 屠殺百姓
In 1633,
1633年
in order to once-for-all ward off foreign influences in Japan,
日本采取閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)政策
the Tokugawa Shogunate decided to abolish all international trade
德川幕府廢棄國(guó)際貿(mào)易 杜絕一切國(guó)外往來(lái)
and have no more direct links with the outside world.
日本與外界毫無(wú)聯(lián)系
In China, defending Hideyoshi second invasion
而在中國(guó) 豐臣秀吉的第二次侵略
had drained the treasury of the Ming Dynasty
也已讓明政府國(guó)庫(kù)虧空
and left the vulnerable against the Manchus
徒剩殘兵游勇對(duì)抗?jié)M族人
who eventually ended the Ming Dynasty and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644.
最終 滿族人推翻明政府 于1644年建立了清政府
