評論
打印
The imperial, colonial nations alliance defeated the Boxer Uprising,
帝國殖民列強鎮壓了義和團起義
and so merrily executed all those suspected of being boxer sympathizers.
但凡同情義和團的人 都被毫不留情地斬首刀下
The Russian emperor and the Qing Dynasty
俄國沙皇和清政府
had maintained a long peace
自1869年的《尼布楚條約》以來
since the 1689 Nerchinsk Treaty.
便和平相處
However, tsarist forces of Alexander II, the Liberator,
但是 人稱“解放者”的沙皇亞歷山大二世
took the advantage of the decayed Qing Dynasty
看到日漸式微的清政府
the by imposing the 1858 Aigun Treaty
趁虛而入 于1858年強迫其簽訂《璦琿條約》
and the 1860 Convention of Peking
和1860年《北京條約》
in which China had to cede territory in Manchuria,
在這些條約中 中國將滿洲土地割讓出去
much of which is still held by Russia to this day.
其中大部分至今仍在俄羅斯手中
The 1904,1905 Russo-Japanese war was the first great war of the 20th century,
1904、05年日俄戰爭是20世紀第一場世界大戰
it grew out of the rival of the imperial ambitions of the Russian and Japanese empires
緣起皆是因為兩國蠢蠢欲動的
over control of Manchuria and Korea.
爭奪滿洲和朝鮮的帝國主義野心
Russian also wanted a warm water port with access to the Pacific Ocean.
俄國想擁有通往太平洋的不凍港
The Japanese defeated the Russians in a series of battles on land and sea
日本發起一系列海戰和陸戰 擊退俄國
pushing the Russians drew retreat north of the Mo River.
俄軍被逼撤退至黑龍江以北
In a peace treaty,
簽訂的和平協議中
Imperial Russia recognized Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence,
沙俄承認朝鮮為日本勢力范圍
and agreed to evacuate parts of Manchuria.
并且同意讓出部分滿洲地區
Continued in tense rivalry among Great Britain,
不列顛、俄羅斯、美國、澳大利亞
Russia, the United States, Australia,
德國、法國、奧地利和日本帝國
Germany, France, Austria, Italy and Imperial Japan,
勢均力敵 競爭激烈
prevented China from being carved up into many separated colonies by these allied nations,
這反而沒讓中國被分割成殖民地
known as the imperial powers,
這些被稱為帝國列強的
each vied to enlarge its colonial holdings,
都力圖擴大其在中國的殖民范圍
but their in-fighting resulted only in an even more chaotic status quo.
蛇鼠一窩 只能讓中國的局面變得更加混亂
The 10th imperial colonial power in China was Portugal,
第十個帝國列強是匈牙利
which controlled Macao.
葡萄牙占領了澳門
Contrary to the other imperial colonial powers,
與其他殖民列強不同
Portugal enjoyed friendly relations with China.
葡萄牙與中國關系友好
From mutual benefit,
出于利益關系
the Ming Dynasty had leased Macao to Portugal
明政府自1558年起將澳門租借給葡萄牙
in 1558 as a trading port.
作為貿易港口
sovereignty over Macao was transferred back to China, 1999年
中國政府重新收回澳門主權
and since then, this former trading port
之后 這個昔日的貿易港
has become an international gambling and entertainment center,
已經變成國際賭博娛樂中心
surpassing Las Vegas in profits.
風頭已然超過拉斯維加斯
