講義
長難句閱讀障礙消除之：同位語

同位語

練習(xí)：

1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

例1： Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 因?qū)φZ言和思維的關(guān)系感興趣，沃夫形成了這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即在一個(gè)社會(huì)中語言結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維模式

例2： All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. 可是仍然沒有一個(gè)有思想的人能否決他們自己最初的主張：即人們感情世界里的巨變要求語言表達(dá)方式隨之變化。

同位語 第一次課堂知識(shí)程度檢驗(yàn)

小試牛刀

3： But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是這些事實(shí)不能解釋這個(gè)令人感興趣的問題，就是為什么在一個(gè)特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。

排除詞匯干擾：
ichthyosaur [‘ikθiəsɔ:(r)] n. 魚龍；

4： In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. 17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員，這種至高無上的地位一直由它們保持，直到18世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代。


排除詞匯干擾：
1）organ [‘ɔ:ɡən] n. 風(fēng)琴；
2）clavichord [‘klævikɔ:d] n.古鋼琴；
3）harpsichord [‘hɑ:psikɔ:d] n.大鍵琴；
4）supremacy [sju‘preməsi, sə-] adj.至高無上的；

5）supplant [sə‘plɑ:nt, -’plænt] v.代替

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：狀語

狀語

定義：狀語的本質(zhì)可以看做adv. 是對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞“動(dòng)作”的修飾，或者對(duì)“整個(gè)句意”在何種情況下發(fā)生做出的說明。

1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

陽“春”的三月，在深圳的街頭，小明和小紅在荷爾蒙的刺激下，為了滿足最原始的獸欲，做出了比禽獸還禽獸的茍且之事。小明用他的實(shí)際行動(dòng)告訴了所有人，他是個(gè)好演員。他在感情方面的表演，欺騙和不負(fù)責(zé)任也讓事先對(duì)愛情充滿幻想的小伙伴們瞬間瘋狂，盡管大家對(duì)小明之前的喜愛如滔滔江水綿延不絕，此事一經(jīng)爆出還是引起了大家強(qiáng)烈的反感，小伙伴們紛紛表示，只有他下次小心不在被抓，才能續(xù)寫好男人的傳奇。

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：狀語
1.時(shí)間狀語
1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞：

When, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, once, as soon as, directly, immediately, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the instant（一…就），the day等

例1: Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：狀語
1.時(shí)間狀語
1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

例2: People in the united states in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos.19世紀(jì)的美國人因?yàn)楹ε聡医?jīng)濟(jì)中史無前例的變化會(huì)帶來社會(huì)混亂這一前景而提心吊膽。

排除詞匯干擾：
1）haunt [hɔ:nt] v. 經(jīng)常縈繞，經(jīng)常去；
2）unprecedented [,ʌn‘presidəntid] adj.史無前例的；

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：狀語
2.地點(diǎn)狀語
1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

地點(diǎn)狀語引導(dǎo)詞：

Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等

例1: Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeed where other more well informed experimenters failed.

例2: Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment where they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：狀語
3.原因狀語
1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

原因狀語引導(dǎo)詞：

As, because, since, seeing (that), considering that, now that, given that, on the ground that, not that…but that…等

例1: The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find .

例2: Open-source spying does have its risk, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.