講義
定語(yǔ)部分知識(shí)程度檢驗(yàn)

小試牛刀

1.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

排除詞匯干擾：
1）unsubstantiated [,ʌnsəb‘stænʃieitid] adj. 未經(jīng)證實(shí)的；
2）synthetic [sin‘θetik] adj.合成的，人造的；
3）fertilized [‘fə:rtilaizd] adj.受精的
4）fumigate [‘fju:miɡeit] v.用煙熏消毒

2.The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

排除詞匯干擾：
1）periphery [pə‘rifəri] n.外圍，邊緣；
2）spark [spɑ:k] v.激發(fā)，引起
3）sprawl [sprɔ:l] n.蔓延

長(zhǎng)難句閱讀障礙消除之：同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)

定義：對(duì)一個(gè)名詞或句子進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的另一個(gè)名字。

1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

識(shí)別：對(duì)一個(gè)名詞或句子進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的另一個(gè)名字。

格式：
A, B, Alex, our English teacher, is doing his best to be a better teacher.
2. A--B-- Beijing – the capital of China – is suffering severe air pollution.
3. A or B

4. 同位語(yǔ)從句

n + that + 完整句子

n + when/how/whether…

The news that Alex was addmited by stanford makes my parents happy.

長(zhǎng)難句閱讀障礙消除之：同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)

定義：對(duì)一個(gè)名詞或句子進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的另一個(gè)名字。

1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

例: I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.“

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

長(zhǎng)難句閱讀障礙消除之：同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)比：

1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

1.The suggestion (that he should start at once) was advanced by the director.

2.The suggestion （that he put forward at the meeting) has been turned down.

1. 性質(zhì)不同
2. 是否做成分
3. 引導(dǎo)詞不同

長(zhǎng)難句閱讀障礙消除之：同位語(yǔ)

同位語(yǔ)

練習(xí)：

1）定義
2）識(shí)別

3）處理

例1： Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.因?qū)φZ(yǔ)言和思維的關(guān)系感興趣，沃夫形成了這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即在一個(gè)社會(huì)中語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維模式

例2： All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. 可是仍然沒有一個(gè)有思想的人能否決他們自己最初的主張：即人們感情世界里的巨變要求語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式隨之變化。

同位語(yǔ)

第一次課堂知識(shí)程度檢驗(yàn)

小試牛刀

3： But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是這些事實(shí)不能解釋這個(gè)令人感興趣的問(wèn)題，就是為什么在一個(gè)特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。

排除詞匯干擾：
ichthyosaur [‘ikθiəsɔ:(r)] n. 魚龍；

4： In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. 17世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂(lè)器類的主要成員，這種至高無(wú)上的地位一直由它們保持，直到18世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代。


排除詞匯干擾：
1）organ [‘ɔ:ɡən] n. 風(fēng)琴；
2）clavichord [‘klævikɔ:d] n.古鋼琴；
3）harpsichord [‘hɑ:psikɔ:d] n.大鍵琴；
4）supremacy [sju‘preməsi, sə-] adj.至高無(wú)上的；
5）supplant [sə‘plɑ:nt, -’plænt] v.代替