1）定義：定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的。定語的位置一般有兩種：用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語。
2）識別
3）處理

后置定語中文示例：
1.楚人有涉江者《刻舟求劍》
2.村中少年好事者《黔之驢》
3.馬之千里者 《馬說》

后置定語英文示例：
1.A man of his word
2.The way to heaven
3.The guy you love

長難句試讀
問題 對策
例1: I’m part of a tribe of women uncovered by social researcher Wednesday Martin in her book “ Primates of Park Avenue ” (about well-to-do mothers in Manhattan), and discussed by Celia Walden in the Telegraph earlier this week, who, while not going out to work in an office or for a company, still receive a bonus from their husband at the end of the financial year as a sign of appreciation for services rendered.

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：定語
后置定語： n + 定語
1）定義
2）識別
3）處理

后置定語如何識別：
1. N + adj 短語 A man committed to his goal will succeed.
2. N + 現在分詞短語 A man fighting for his dream is cute.
3. N + 過去分詞短語 The guy tortured by enemy didn’t say a word.
4. N + 介詞短語 in the name of god
5. N + 不定式短語 Time to say goodbye
6. N + 表語形容詞 A dog alive
7. 不定代詞 + adj. Nothing serious
8. N + 定語從句 Love the way you lie

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：定語
定語從句
1）定義
2）識別
3）處理

結構：
1.名詞 + 【連接詞 + 句子】 + 謂語
2.名詞 + 謂語 + 名詞 +【連接詞 + 句子】


備注：
1.in that 等于 because
2. 定語從句引導詞沒有what
長難句閱讀障礙消除之：定語

定語從句
1）定義
2）識別
3）處理
例1：Those [who make most people happy] are the happiest in the world.
Those who find faults with others often lose their glamour

例2： The dictionary is the only place [where success comes before work].


例3： On the rare occasion [when a fine piece of sculpture was desired], Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770s [when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt].

例4. If ever the earth has beheld a system of administration which is conducted with a single and steadfast eye to the general interest and happiness of those who are committed to it, one which, protected by truth, can never known reproach, it is that to which our lives have been devoted.

長難句閱讀障礙消除之：定語
定語從句
1）定義
2）識別
3）處理

分三步：
1. 找連接詞
2. 確定從句和修飾修飾
3. 拆分---還原變簡單句。
例1: The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation［that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning］.

例2： Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

例3: In Australia where an aging populations, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have played their part--- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

例4: Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

定語部分知識程度檢驗

小試牛刀

1.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

排除詞匯干擾：
1）unsubstantiated [,ʌnsəb‘stænʃieitid] adj. 未經證實的；
2）synthetic [sin‘θetik] adj.合成的，人造的；
3）fertilized [‘fə:rtilaizd] adj.受精的
4）fumigate [‘fju:miɡeit] v.用煙熏消毒

2.The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

排除詞匯干擾：
1）periphery [pə‘rifəri] n.外圍，邊緣；
2）spark [spɑ:k] v.激發，引起
3）sprawl [sprɔ:l] n.蔓延