評論
打印
But when mankind increased in number, craft, and ambition, it became necessary to entertain conceptions of a more permanent dominion;
但是，隨著人類在數量、心機和野心上的增長，抱有追求更長久的統治權這一觀念成為必然。
and to appropriate to individuals not the immediate use only, but the very substance of the thing to be used.
個體挪用的不只是使用權，而是對一件事物整個實質內容的使用。
Otherwise, innumerable tumults must have arisen, and the good order of the world been continually broken and disturbed,
不然的話，由此會引起難以計數的紛爭，世界業已形成的良好秩序持續遭到破壞和干擾，
while a variety of persons were striving who should get the first occupation of the same thing,
各色人等都會爭取最先占用同一樣東西，
or disputing which of them had actually gained it. As human life also grew more and more refined,
或者為他們當中誰應該最終得到這件東西爭執不下。隨著人類生活越來越完善，
abundance of conveniences were devised to render it more easy, commodious, and agreeable;
便利性的豐富使得生活變得更加簡單、舒適和滿意。
as habitations for shelter and safety, and raiment for warmth and decency.
隨著人們居有定所，安全性逐漸增加，服飾業更加保暖和講究。
But no man would be at the trouble to provide either, so long as he had only a usufructuary property in them,
但是，沒有誰不愿意提供這些，只要他對這些財產僅僅擁有用益權，
which was to cease the instant that he quitted possession; if, as soon as he walked out of his tent or pulled off his garment,
一旦他停止擁有，用益權也隨之中止。他一走出自己的帳篷或者脫下他的衣服，
the next stranger who came by would have a right to inhabit the one and to wear the other.
從旁邊經過的陌生人就有權住進這個帳篷，并將別人的衣服穿在身上。
In the case of habitations, in particular, it was natural to observe that even the brute creation,
至于居民，尤其是人們很自然地注意到，即使是野蠻人，
to whom everything else was in common, maintained a kind of permanent property in their dwellings,
對他而言其他的一切都是共有的，他們的住所是一種持久的財產，
especially for the protection of their young; that the birds of the air had nests, and the beasts of the fields had caverns,
尤其是予以保護以便后代享用。在空中翱翔的鳥兒有巢，田野上跑的走獸有穴，
the invasion of which they esteemed a very flagrant injustice, and would sacrifice their lives to preserve them.
它們把入侵巢穴視為一種公然的不公正。為此犧牲生命誓死捍衛也在所不惜。
