For, by the law of nature and reason, he who first began to use it,
按照自然和理性法則,率先使用的人,
acquired therein a kind of transient property, that lasted so long as he was using it, and no longer.
在那時想要的是一種短暫擁有的財產(chǎn),只要他使用,這種不動產(chǎn)就歸他擁有,一旦停止使用就不再歸他擁有了。
Or, to speak with greater precision, the right of possession continued for the same time, only, that the act of possession lasted.
說得更準(zhǔn)確些,只有在占有行為持續(xù)的同時,擁有權(quán)才會繼續(xù)享有。
Thus, the ground was in common, and no part of it was the permanent property of any man in particular;
因此,土地是共有的,其中任何一部分都不是某個具體人的永久財產(chǎn);
yet, whoever was in the occupation of any determined spot of it, for rest, for shade, or the like, acquired for the time a sort of ownership,
不過不論什么人只要占據(jù)有決定權(quán)的地位,對其他人,對財產(chǎn)的投影,或者諸如此類的事情,都需要時間才能得到某種所有權(quán),
from which it would have been unjust and contrary to the law of nature to have driven him by force;
從不公平和對自然法則的違背到外力驅(qū)使他這樣;
but, the instant that he quitted the use or occupation of it, another might seize it without injustice.
但是,一旦他停止使用或占有,其他人就會通過不公平的手段據(jù)為己有。
Thus, also, a vine or other tree might be said to be in common, as all men were equally entitled to its produce;
因此,一株葡萄樹或其他的樹被說成是共有的,對樹的果實所有人都被賦予同樣的權(quán)利;
and yet, any private individual might gain the sole property of the fruit which he had gathered for his own repast,
然而,任何自私的個體都有可能取得采集后用來享用果實的獨權(quán),
a doctrine well illustrated by Cicero, who compares the world to a great theater,
西塞羅很好地闡述了這一學(xué)說,他將整個世界喻為一個巨大的劇場,
which is common to the public, and yet the place which any man has taken is, for the time, his own.
屬于大家共有,任何人一旦有機會都會將這個劇場據(jù)為己有。