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Using the examples of the eel and the angler fish,
請以鰻魚和鮟鱇魚為例，
explain two types of adaptations that help animals survive in the deepest parts of the ocean.
解釋動物為了在深海生存而進化出的兩種機能。
Listen to part of a lecture in a marine biology class.
請聽海洋生物學課上的部分內容。
A lot of plants and animals live near the surface of the ocean,
許多植物和動物都生活得靠近海洋表面，
and that means there's a lot of food near the surface,
而這就意味著海洋表面附近有很多食物，
because there's lots of plants and animals to eat.
因為有很多動植物可以食用。
But if you go down to the deepest parts of the ocean,
但是，在海里最深的地方又冷又暗，
it's cold and dark, and there's not a lot living down there, so food is very scarce.
沒有多少生物，所以食物很是稀缺。
So organisms that live down at these great depths have developed special adaptations
所以，生活在深海區的生物體都進化出了特別的機能
to help them survive in this environment where food is so hard to find.
以在這個食物稀缺的環境中生存下去。
For example, many deep-sea organisms have body features that enable them to eat prey that are larger than themselves.
比如說，很多深海生物的身體特征能使它們吃下比它們自己還大的獵物。
A good example, um, there's a species of eel
一個很好的例子就是一種鰻魚，
that has an enormous mouth and a large stomach that's capable of expanding.
這種鰻魚長著一張巨大的嘴，和一個可以擴張的大胃。
And these unusual features allow this eel to eat prey larger than itself.
這些不尋常的身體特征使得這種鰻魚可以吃下比它大的獵物。
That's a big advantage because if the eel eats something big,
那是一個很大的優勢。因為如果鰻魚吃下了某個很大的獵物，
that's a lot of food, a lot of nutrition.
就意味著它吃下了很多食物，獲得了很多營養。
So the eel can go for quite a while before it has to find food again.
所以鰻魚可以很長時間不用尋找食物。
Another helpful adaptation in some deep-sea organisms is the ability to generate light.
一些深海生物進化出的另一項有用的機能就是可以發光。
And some organisms use that light to help them capture food.
這些生物會利用自己發出的光來抓住獵物。
For example, there's a kind of fish called the angler fish.
比如，有一種魚叫做鮟鱇魚。
And on its head, this fish has a little structure that produces light that glows in the dark.
它的頭上長著一個可以在黑暗中發出光亮的小物體。
This little structure, this little light, is positioned close to the fish's mouth.
這個小物體像個小燈籠一樣，長得離這種魚的嘴巴很近。
Other fish are attracted to this light,
別的魚會被這個小燈籠吸引過來，
they think it's something small they can eat, so they swim straight toward it.
它們以為看到了某個可以吃的小東西，就徑直游了過來。
And that brings them close enough for the angler fish to capture them and eat them.
這樣它們離鮟鱇魚就越來越近，近到鮟鱇魚可以抓住它們并把它們吃掉。
