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Using the points from the lecture explain why researchers think that babies may feel empathy.
請用課上的觀點解釋為什么研究人員認為嬰兒可能會感到同情。
Listen to part of a lecture in a Psychology class.
請聽心理學(xué)課上的部分內(nèi)容。
Ok, we generally assume that babies can feel only very basic emotions like happiness or anger,
我們通常認為嬰兒只能感受到非常基本的情緒，比如幸福或者憤怒，
that is, the babies just react to things that happen directly to them.
也就是說，嬰兒只會對直接發(fā)生在他們身上的事情做出反應(yīng)。
However, some new research's suggesting that babies may be able to feel concern for others, to have empathy for others.
然而，某項新的研究表明，嬰兒可能會為別人感到擔(dān)憂，對他人感到同情。
Now, empathy is a complex emotion.
同情是一種復(fù)雜的情緒，
It involves a baby relating to someone else's emotions, not just reacting to things happening directly to them.
它涉及到嬰兒與別人的情緒有所關(guān)聯(lián)，而不只是對直接發(fā)生在他們身上的事情做出反應(yīng)。
Let's talk about an experiment that may show that babies could be capable of feeling empathy.
下面我們來聊聊一個實驗，這個實驗可能顯示了嬰兒是能夠感到同情的。
Ok, for the first part of the experiment, well, um,
實驗的第一部分就是...
we've always known that babies start to cry when they hear other babies crying, right?
我們都知道當(dāng)嬰兒聽到別的孩子在哭的時候，也會開始哭，對嗎？
One baby in a room starts crying and all the rest join in.
房間里的一個嬰兒哭了，其他所有的嬰兒也會跟著哭。
We've always assumed that the other babies cry because they were reacting to the noise of crying,
我們一直以為其他嬰兒之所以會哭是因為他們在對“哭聲”這種噪音做出反應(yīng)，
that the noise itself was distressing.
因為這個噪音本身就很煩人。
So, in the experiment researchers play tape recording, a tape of baby's crying, to another baby.
于是，實驗中的研究人員播放了一段錄音給嬰兒聽，錄音內(nèi)容是另一個嬰兒的哭聲。
And sure enough, the baby started crying when he heard the sound of other baby's crying.
正如預(yù)料的一樣，這個嬰兒聽見其他嬰兒的哭聲后也開始哭了。
This was no surprise, of course. And the researchers assumed that the baby cried because of the noise.
這當(dāng)然并不令人意外。而研究人員猜想嬰兒會哭是因為噪音。
But the next part of the experiment was surprising.
但是接下來一部分的實驗結(jié)果卻令人大為震驚。
The researchers played the baby a tape of his own crying.
研究人員給嬰兒播放了一段他自己的哭聲的錄音。
Now it was just as noisy, so the researchers expected him to cry.
這段錄音和上一段一樣都很吵，所以研究人員預(yù)想嬰兒同樣會哭。
However, this time the baby did not cry.
但是，這一次嬰兒并沒有哭。
He wasn't upset by the sound of his own crying.
他并沒有因為自己的哭聲而感到難過。
Why not? Well, maybe it wasn't the noise that made him cry before when he heard other baby's crying.
為什么呢？也許之前這個嬰兒聽到其他嬰兒的哭聲時也跟著哭并不是因為噪音。
In fact, maybe noise has nothing to do with it.
事實上，也許噪音跟這件事一點關(guān)系也沒有。
It could be that the baby felt empathy for the other babies.
很可能是這個嬰兒對其他的嬰兒感到同情。
And that was why he got upset when he heard them crying.
這也就是他在聽到他們哭的時候覺得難過的原因。
Researchers concluded that it is indeed possible that babies feel empathy, concern for others.
研究人員總結(jié)認為嬰兒的確有可能會感到同情，會為他人擔(dān)憂。
