評論
打印
Using points and examples from the talk, explain the difference between active and passive attention.
請用對話中的觀點和例子解釋說明主動注意和被動注意間的區別。
Now listen to part of a talk in an Education class.
請聽教育課上的部分內容。
One of the hardest parts of teaching is keeping your students' attention.
教學最困難的部分之一就是吸引學生的注意力。
Now, the key to doing this is understanding the concept of attention.
而吸引學生注意力的關鍵就在于理解注意力的概念。
Basically, there are two types of attention.
基本上來說，有兩種注意力。
The first type is active, active attention is voluntary.
第一種是主動注意，主動注意是自發的行為。
It's when you intentionally make yourself focus on something.
就是你有意地使自己關注某件事。
And since it requires effort, it's hard to keep up for long a time.
由于主動注意需要不斷努力，所以想要長時間保持這種狀態是很難的。
OK, so, um, let's say you are teaching a Biology class.
比如說你在上一節生物課。
And today's topic is frogs. All right?
而今天課上的內容是青蛙。
You're standing in front of the room lecturing: a frog is a type of animal known as an amphibian,
你站在教室前面講課：青蛙是一種兩棲動物
well, this isn't necessarily going to keep the students' interest.
好吧，這樣基本上激不起學生們的興趣。
But most of them will force themselves to pay active attention to your lecture.
但是大部分學生都會強迫自己主動注意你的講課內容。
But it's only a matter of time before they get distracted.
不過，他們開始分散注意力只是時間問題。
Now, the other type of attention is passive attention, when it's involuntary.
另一種類型的注意力就是被動注意，是一種非自發的行為。
Passive attention requires no effort because it happens naturally.
被動注意并不需要什么努力就能做到，因為它是自然發生的行為。
If something is really interesting students don't have to force themselves to pay attention to it.
如果某個東西非常有趣的話，學生們根本不用強迫自己去關注它。
They do it without even thinking about it.
他們甚至不用想就會把注意力集中起來。
So back to our Biology lecture, you start talking about frogs and then you pull a live frog out of your briefcase.
我們再回到我們的生物課堂上來，你開始講關于青蛙的內容，然后從包里拿出來一只活的青蛙。
You're describing it while holding it up.
你在講解的同時把它舉了起來。
Show the students how long its legs are, and how they're used for jumping, for example.
比如向學生們展示青蛙的腿有多長，它們是如何用腿蹦跳的。
Then maybe even let the frog jump around a bit on the desk or the floor.
然后，也許甚至讓青蛙在桌子上或者地上跳兩下。
In this case, by doing something unexpected,
這種情況下，通過做一些意想不到的事情，
something more engaging, you can tap into their passive attention.
一些更讓人投入的事情，你就能激起他們的被動注意力了。
And it can last much longer than active attention.
而且被動注意比主動注意持續的時間要長得多。
As long as the frog is still there your students will be interested.
只要青蛙還在，你的學生就會一直有興趣。
