評論
打印
Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.
請用講話中所涉及到的例子和觀點，來解釋教授提及到兩種關于貨幣的定義。
Now listen to part of the talk in the economical class.
現在，請聽某經濟課上的部分講話內容。
So, let's talk about money. What is money?
所以，下面讓我們來說一說貨幣。什么是貨幣？
Well, typically, people think of coins and paper bills as money.
呃，通常情況下，人們會想到硬幣，以及紙幣。
But that is using a somewhat narrow definition of the term.
但是，這里用的是貨幣的狹義定義。
A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with.
廣義上的定義是：貨幣是任何人們可以用來購買其他物品的物品。
Since many things can be used to make purchases, money can have many different forms.
由于很多東西都可以用來購買東西，所以貨幣可以有很多不同的形式。
Certainly, coins and bills are one form of money.
可以確信的一點是，硬幣和紙幣都是貨幣的一種形式。
People exchange goods and services for coins or paper bills
人們通過交換物品或者服務來獲取硬幣或者紙幣，
and they use this money these bills to obtain other goods and services.
然后他們又用這些貨幣，這些紙幣去換取別的物品以及服務。
For example you might give a taxi driver five dollars to purchase a ride in his taxi.
舉個例子，你付給的士司機5美元，用以購買坐他車行駛的一段路程。
And he in turn gives the five dollar to a farmer to buy some vegetables.
然后，他把這五美元付給了某位農民，用以購買一些蔬菜。
But as I said, coins and bills are not the only form of money under this broad definition.
但是就像我之前提到過的那樣，硬幣和紙幣只是在廣義定義下，貨幣的一種形式。
Some societies make use of a barter system.
在一些社會體系中，人們使用的是物物交換制。
Basically, in a barter system, people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services.
基本上，在物物交換體系中，人們直接用物品或者服務來換取其他的物品或者服務。
The taxi driver, for example, might give a ride to a farmer in exchange for some vegetables.
舉個例子，的士司機給捎農民一程，用以交換一些蔬菜。
Since the vegetables are used to pay for a service,
因為蔬菜在這里是用以支付乘車服務的，
by a broad definition the vegetables are used in barter as a form of money.
所以在廣義下，蔬菜是物物交換系統里一種形式的貨幣。
Now as I mentioned there is also a second, a narrower definition of money,
現在，就如我之前提到的第二種，貨幣的更為狹義的定義。
in the United States, only coins and bills are legal tender,
在美國，只有硬幣和紙幣才是合法的貨幣。
meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment.
意思是，在法律規定下，賣方必須接受通過它們完成支付行為。
The taxi driver must accept coins or bills as payment for a taxi ride, okay?
出租車司機必須接受用硬幣或者紙幣來支付打的的費用，對吧？
But in the U.S, the taxi driver is not required to accept vegetables in exchange for a ride.
但是在美國并沒有要求出租車司機接受用蔬菜交換行程的支付方式。
So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society,
所以，貨幣的狹義定義是指，在社會中，只要是合法的，
whatever has to be accepted as payment.
能被接受的物品都能稱之為貨幣。
