評論
打印
OK. The third thing that a listener needs to do, and this is to me the most important thing of all, and that's to predict as you listen.
好。聽眾需要做的第三件事，對我來說也是最重要的事情，那就是聽的過程中做出預測。
Now let me give you two reasons why you have to predict.
為什么要預測，有兩個原因。
For one thing, if you predict it helps you overcome noise.
首先，預測能幫助你克服噪音的干擾。
What do I mean by noise?
我說的噪音是什么意思?
Maybe there's noise outside and you can't hear me.
也許外面有噪音，你聽不到我說的話。
Maybe you're in the back of the room and you can't hear all that well.
也許你在房間的后面，你聽不太清楚。
Maybe the microphone doesn't work.
也許麥克風壞了。
Maybe there's noise inside your head.
也許你腦子里有雜音。
By that I mean maybe you're thinking of something else.
我是說，也許你在想別的事情。
And then all of a sudden, you'll remember "Oh, I've got to listen."
然后突然間，你會記得“哦，我得聽你的。”
By being able to predict during the lecture, you can just keep listening to the lecture and not lose the idea of what's going on.
學會聽講的過程中做出預測，你就可以繼續順著剛才的內容繼續聽，不會不知道講到哪里。
So predicting is important to help you overcome outside noise and inside noise.
所以預測對于克服外界噪音和內部噪音都是很重要的。
And another reason that predicting is important is because it saves you time.
預測很重要還有一個原因，就是節省時間。
Now when you listen you need time to think about the information, relate it to old ideas, take notes,
聽的時候，你需要時間去思考這些信息，把它與舊的想法聯系起來，記筆記，
and if you're only keeping up with what I'm saying or what the lecturer's saying, you have no time to do that.
如果你只是跟上我說的或者講者說的話，你就沒有時間去做這些了。
And I'll bet a lot of you are having that problem right now because it's so hard just to follow everything I'm saying that you don't have time to note down ideas.
我敢打賭，你們中的很多人現在都有這個問題，因為要跟上我所說的每句話實在太難了，你們沒有時間記筆記。
So predicting saves you time.
所以預測可以節省你的時間。
If you can guess what I'm going to say, you're able to take notes, you're able to think, you have more time. OK?
如果你能猜出我要說什么，你就能記筆記，你就能思考，你就有更多的時間。對不對？
And there are two types of predictions that you can make: predictions of content and predictions of organization.
你可以做兩種預測：內容預測和語言組織形式的預測。
Let me give you an example in terms of content.
舉一個關于內容的例子。
If you hear the words "Because he loved to cook, his favorite room was..." what would you expect?
如果你聽到這句話，“他喜歡做飯，所以他最喜歡的房間是…“你覺得接下來會是什么?
Kitchen. You can guess this because you know people cook in the kitchen.OK?
廚房。你可以這樣猜測，因為你知道廚房是做飯的地方，對吧?
And you can also predict organization.
你也可以預測語言的組織形式。
So if I was going to tell you a story, you expect me to tell you why the story is important, give you a setting for the story.
如果我給你講一個故事，你希望我告訴你這個故事為什么很重要，還希望我給你這個故事的背景。
So you have expectations of what the speaker is going to talk about and how the speaker will organize his or her words.
這樣你對說話者將要談論的內容，以及說話者如何組織語言有了預期。
Now let's come to the last thing a listener must do:
現在我們來說一下最后一件聽眾必須做的事:
the listener must evaluate as he or she is listening, decide what's important, what's not, decide how something relates to something else. OK?
聽眾必須在聽的時候進行評估，決定什么是重要的，什么是不重要的，識別一些事物與其他事物之間的關系。對不對？
There are again two reasons for this.
這也有兩個原因。
The first one is evaluating helps you to decide what to take notes about, what's important to write down, what's not important to write down.
首先，評估幫助你決定哪些是需要做筆記的，哪些是需要記下來的，哪些不重要可以不記。
And the second reason is that evaluating helps you to keep information.
第二個原因是，評估有助于你儲存信息。
Studies have shown that we retain more information if ideas are connected to one another rather than just individually remembered.
研究表明，如果想法不是單獨記憶，而是相互聯系的，我們就可以儲存更多信息。
So for example, if I give you five ideas that are not related to one another, that's much more difficult to remember than five ideas that are related.
舉個例子，記住五個互不相關的想法，要比記住五個相關的想法要困難得多。
So you can see evaluating helps you to remember information better because it connects ideas to one another.
所以你就明白了，評估有助于你更好地記住信息，因為它能把想法聯系在一起。
OK. From what I've said so far, you can see there's a lot involved in listening to lectures - language awareness, adding information, making predictions and evaluations.
好。說了這么多，大家可以看到很多都和聽講有關-語言意識，補充信息，做出預測和評估。
I hope these will be useful to you in lecture comprehension.
我希望這些對你們的理解講座很有用。
