被動語態的譯法
應該盡最大努力告?nbsp| 年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。(82年考題)
例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.
通過這種方法分析發現不同種類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動對熱的敏感程度也極為不同。
例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.
在我們這個世紀內研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是氣墊 船了。
例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….
必須找到新的能源，這需要時間……(91年考題）
另外, 下列結構也可以通過這一手段翻譯:
It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 據報道……
It is said that … 據說……
It is supposed that … 據推測……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸張地說……
It must be admitted that … 必須承認……
It must be pointed out that … 必須指出……
It will be seen from this that … 由此可見……
(5) 翻譯成帶表語的主動句。例如:
例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。
例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (92年考題)
總的來說, 得出這種結論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個條件: 能夠 假定這個孩子對測試的態度和與他比較的另一個孩子的態度相同; 他也沒有 因為缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關知識而被扣分。
(注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運用。)
2. 譯成漢語的被動語態。英語中的許多被動句可以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如:
例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.
地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。
例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.
這些訊號是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應所造成的。
例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.
自然光或者“白光”實際上是由許多種顏色組成的。
例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.
流體在管道中流動的情況, 受到諸如流體粘度、泵送速度等各種因素的影響。
例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.
它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大氣的來源。它們還被認為是構成外部行星以及其衛星的一種類似微星的基礎材料。
例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考題)
工具和技術本身作為根本性創新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學史學家和科學思想家們忽視了。
例7.Whether the Governmen
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