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Spring is a peak season for pollen allergies, primarily caused by wind-pollinated plants that release large amounts of pollen, affecting people's nasal passages, eyes and airways.
春季是花粉過敏的高發季節。花粉過敏是由風媒傳粉植物引起的，這些植物釋放大量花粉，影響到人們的鼻腔、眼結膜和氣道。
The most direct cause behind the increasing cases of pollen allergies is the rise in pollen levels. Guan Kai, director of the Allergy Department at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, told Xinhua News Agency that the world is "greening", and with global warming, the growth cycles of vegetation have been extended, lengthening the pollen season. Consequently, allergens are becoming more abundant.
日益增長的花粉過敏背后，最直接的原因是花粉量的增加。北京協和醫院變態（過敏）反應科主任關凱在接受新華網采訪時表示，全球“變綠了”，加上隨著全球變暖，植被的生長周期變長，花粉季也變長了，這也導致過敏原變得越來越多。
Take the example of juniper. Its abundant pollen, though small in size, can spread like a "sandstorm" when released in large quantities. Juniper pollen is one of the main components causing allergic reactions in Beijing this year.
以圓柏為例，圓柏花粉數量多、顆粒小，集中散布時就像“沙塵暴”一般，是北京花粉致敏的主要成分之一。
The strategy for managing juniper pollen focuses on three aspects: controlling the source of pollen, increasing timely pollen deposition and delaying the release time.
圓柏花粉治理的思路主要基于花粉源頭防治、增加及時沉降及延緩釋放時間三個方面。
Junipers are divided into male and female plants. The female plants do not produce pollen, while the male plants have microsporangiate strobilus structures that are the source of pollen production.
圓柏分雌株和雄株，其中雌株不飛粉，雄株有小孢子葉球結構，是花粉產生的源頭。
Professor Qin Ling's team from the School of Plant Science and Technology at Beijing Agricultural University has conducted research on regulating the catkins of chestnut trees, which has inspired new approaches to managing juniper pollen.
北京農學院植物科學技術學院秦嶺教授團隊此前對板栗雄花序調控的研究為治理圓柏花粉提供了新靈感。
"Based on the discovery of short male catkin bud variants in chestnuts, we developed a 'promote-female and reduce-male' technology to cultivate new varieties with sterile male catkins," Qin said. "For male junipers, we can inhibit the formation of microsporangiate strobilus at critical stages, reducing their number to 20 percent of the original, thereby decreasing pollen production at the source."
“我們基于板栗短雄花序芽變種質的發現，研發出板栗‘促雌減雄’技術，從而培育出了板栗雄花序敗育新品種。對于圓柏雄株，我們在雄株小孢子葉球形成的關鍵期進行抑制，使其數量減少至原來的20%，從根源上減少花粉量。”
In addition to controlling pollen at the source and reducing it midway, another effective method is to decrease the pollen concentration after it has formed. The main approach currently is to use non-polluting water spray, which is particularly suitable for protecting ancient juniper trees.
除了源頭控制花粉、中途調控減少花粉，還可以在花粉形成后減少其濃度，目前主要的方式就是無污染的噴水方式，適合需要重點保護的圓柏古樹。
The National Museum of Natural History, in collaboration with the Beijing Botanical Society and the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has launched a citizen science project called the "Beijing Juniper Distribution Survey". This project utilizes information technology to engage the public in ground observations of junipers. It aims to achieve earlier and more precise pollen warnings and provide research and decision-making support for the scientific management of pollen allergens in the future.
國家自然博物館聯合北京植物學會，與中國科學院華南植物園合作，共同發起“北京圓柏分布調查”公民科學項目，結合信息技術手段發動公眾對圓柏進行地面觀測，有望實現更早期的精準預警，也為未來花粉過敏原的科學治理提供研究和決策支持。
Xu Zhoufeng, an engineer at the Herbarium of the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that ground observations of juniper phenology can capture more accurate phenological signals of the plants. By aggregating large-scale local phenological data of junipers, it is possible to more accurately predict the pollination time, thereby providing earlier warnings.
中國科學院華南植物園標本館工程師徐洲鋒表示，通過圓柏植株物候的地面觀測，可以捕獲更加準確的植物物候信號，匯聚大規模的局地植株物候數據，就有可能更加準確的推測圓柏的傳粉時間，從而做到更早期的預警。
Liu Xiaoli, an associate researcher at the National Museum of China, said that although the pollen dispersal times of junipers do not vary significantly from year to year, earlier warnings would greatly benefit allergy sufferers. If we can prepare in advance, allowing individuals to take measures such as using water sprays, regularly pruning, or applying pollen fixatives to plants, many people will have a better time during spring.
國家博物館副研究員劉曉麗表示，圓柏花粉散播的時間在不同年份雖然差異不是太大，但是對于過敏群體來說，越早的預警受益會越大。如果能夠做到未雨綢繆，讓過敏的人能夠提前做好準備或者能夠提取對植株進行一定的處理，比如噴水沉降、定期剪枝、噴灑花粉固定劑等，相信很多人的春天會更好過一些。
記者：閆東潔
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