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"You either have these very shallow ones or these rampantly esoteric ones with so many signs and symbols on them you can barely make them out,"says Matthews. "I bought my first tarot pack, which was the Tarot de Marseille published by Grimaud in 1969, and I recently came right around back to it after not using it for a while." Presumably originating in the 17th century, the Tarot de Marseille is one of the most common types of tarot deck ever produced. Marseille decks were generally printed with woodblocks and later colored by hand using basic stencils.
“你會發現一副牌顯示出如此多的信息，或強或弱，搞得你根本無法作出解讀，”Matthews說?！拔业玫降牡谝桓彼_牌是1969年法國B.P.格利莫公司的馬賽塔羅牌，我已經很長時間沒有碰過它了，直到最近我又把它找了出來?！瘪R賽塔羅牌起源于十七世紀，是最流行的塔羅牌之一，一般使用木版印刷，再用孔版上色。
Top: A selection of trump cards (top row) and pip cards (bottom row) from the first edition of the Rider-Waite deck, circa 1909. Via the World of Playing Cards. Above: Cards from a Tarot de Marseille deck made by François Gassmann, circa 1870. Photo courtesy Bill Wolf.
上：幾張1909年印制的初版偉特塔羅牌
下：1870年Fran?ois Gassmann印制的馬賽塔羅牌
However, using cards for playful divination probably goes back even further, to the 14th century, likely originating with Mamluk game cards brought to Western Europe from Turkey. By the 1500s, the Italian aristocracy was enjoying a game known as "tarocchi appropriati," in which players were dealt random cards and used thematic associations with these cards to write poetic verses about one another—somewhat like the popular childhood game “MASH.” These predictive cards were referred to as "sortes," meaning destinies or lots.
然而用紙牌進行有趣占卜的歷史大概更加久遠，上溯至十四世紀，有很大可能性是由土耳其的馬木留克騎兵傳入歐洲。到了1500年代，意大利貴族中流行一種叫做“tarocchi appropriati”的游戲，人們選出隨機的牌，對應上面的主題為別人寫下詩句，有點像現在流行的兒童游戲“MASH”.這種卡牌預言的方式在拉丁語里被稱作“sortes”，意思是命運或者抓鬮。
