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9、Ludi
競(jìng)技慶典
The ludi were public games that were normally held in conjunction with religious festivals, though there were occasional events which were secular in nature. Many of them were annual events, especially the religious ones, andthe most famous was the Ludi Romani, which honored Jupiter and was held each September. (It’s the oldest of the ludi and was the only one held in Rome for 300 years after it first began.)
雖然競(jìng)技慶典中偶爾也存在一些世俗性的節(jié)目，但通常都是在宗教節(jié)日的時(shí)候舉行的公開(kāi)競(jìng)技。其中許多都是一年一度的項(xiàng)目，尤其是那些與宗教相關(guān)的，在那之中最有名的就是“羅馬節(jié)”了，這是為了表達(dá)對(duì)朱庇特（羅馬神話中的宙斯大帝）的尊敬而在每年九月舉行的盛典。（這是競(jìng)技慶典中最古老的節(jié)目，同時(shí)也是唯一一項(xiàng)在初次創(chuàng)立之后，時(shí)隔300年又在羅馬舉行的節(jié)目。）
Ludi normally consisted of chariot races, as well as animal hunts. Later editions incorporated gladiatorial combat and there were even special ludi, which were strictly theatrical performances. The ludi with the largest gap in celebration was probably the Ludi Saeculares, or Secular Games. Held in honor of a saeculum, or the longest estimated human lifespan, the Ludi Saeculares were held once every 110 years. (Historian Zosimus actually blames the fall of the Roman Empire on the Romans neglecting to honor this ancient festival.)
競(jìng)技慶典一般來(lái)說(shuō)包括戰(zhàn)車(chē)競(jìng)技和動(dòng)物狩獵。再后來(lái)也加入了角斗甚至是一些特殊的競(jìng)技項(xiàng)目，那些節(jié)目完全屬于戲劇性的表演。競(jìng)技慶典與普通的慶?；顒?dòng)最大的不同可能在于羅馬百年祭，也稱(chēng)為百年大祭。為了紀(jì)念一個(gè)百年，或者是估計(jì)的人類(lèi)最長(zhǎng)的壽命，羅馬百年祭每110年舉行一次。（實(shí)際上歷史學(xué)家佐西穆斯將羅馬帝國(guó)的衰落歸咎為羅馬人忽視了對(duì)這個(gè)古老的節(jié)日的紀(jì)念。）
