"People realized that love could be the reason for a marriage. They gradually gave up the old idea of sex as reserved for having children. They began to see sex as a way of expressing love and affection, and for the pleasure of body and soul," says Chen Mingxia.

陳明霞（音譯）表示：“那時人們意識到結婚是為了愛。他們逐漸摒棄了之前‘傳宗接代’的兩性觀念。他們開始將性視為表達愛與情感、追求身心快樂的一種方式。”

Love, affection and enjoyment became the standard by which many people judged the quality of their marriage.

愛意、感情以及快樂成為許多人衡量婚姻好壞的標準。

Later the influence of Western-style sexual liberation affected marriage stability and in the 1990s, some old practices returned.

后來，西方“性解放”對婚姻的穩定性造成了威脅。在上世紀90年代，一些舊習俗再次死灰復燃。

Keeping an er nai, a concubine, or second wife, became a social phenomenon in big cities like Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai. Many young women of low social status were willing to be kept by wealthy older men. Some even bore children with their sugar daddies

在深圳、廣州、北京、上海這些大城市中，包二奶成為一種社會現象。很多社會地位不高的年輕女性情愿被上了歲數的富翁包養。一些人甚至為所謂的“干爹”生兒育女。

"This not only jeopardized the legal rights of the women in the marriage. The rights of the er nai and their illegitimate children couldn't be realized either," says Chen Mingxia.

陳明霞說：“這不僅損害了女性在婚姻中的合法權利，二奶及其私生子的權利也無法得到保障。”