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Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in five computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time when the World Economic Forum predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions. But women are underrepresented in some important fields of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing, for example. Something about the tech industry puts off female applicants.
科技行業(yè)的情況更糟。世界經(jīng)濟論壇預測，在英國的新興職業(yè)中，技術將創(chuàng)造超過四分之一的就業(yè)崗位，而只有五分之一的計算機科學大學生是女性，這是個大問題。而在一些重要的技術領域，女性的比例偏低；例如，只有12%女性的工作在云計算領域。科技行業(yè)的某些東西讓女性申請者望而卻步。
Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors, which are also poised for expansion. The bls forecasts that eight of the 12 fastest-growing jobs in America over the next few years will be in those areas, with roles ranging from occupational-therapy assistants to genetic counsellors. The snag is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides (with the third- and fourth-fastest growth rates, respectively) had median annual salaries in 2018 of just over $24,000.
婦女在保健和社會保健部門發(fā)揮更大的作用，這些部門也準備擴大。勞工統(tǒng)計局預測，未來幾年美國12個增長最快的工作中有8個將屬于這些領域，從職業(yè)治療助理到基因顧問。問題是，其中一些工作的薪水并不高。家庭健康和個人護理助理(增長率分別位居第三和第四)2018年的平均年薪略高于2.4萬美元。
Some jobs in health care are extremely lucrative, of course. But another gender imbalance emerges here: women make up only one-third of American health-care executives. In contrast, they tend to dominate the poorly paid social-care workforce. In Britain 83% of social-care workers are female. That suggests men shun the field, perhaps because they do not perceive caring to be a masculine trait.
當然，醫(yī)療行業(yè)的一些工作薪水豐厚。但這里出現(xiàn)了另一種性別失衡：醫(yī)療行業(yè)高管中女性的比例僅為三分之一。相比之下，低收入的社會護理勞動力則更多為女性。在英國，83%的社會福利工作者是女性。這表明男性回避這個領域，也許是因為男性認為護理工作太不具有男性特征了。
The biggest problem in the labour market, then, may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs. It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist will recognise this as an inefficient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies—be it the education system, government policy or corporate recruiting practices—it needs to be identified and fixed.
因此，勞動力市場的最大問題可能不是青少年專注于一些眾所周知的工作。這可能是一種錯位：沒有足夠多的有才華的女性進入科技行業(yè)，也沒有足夠多的男性從事社會福利工作。任何經(jīng)濟學家都會認識到，這是一種對資源的低效利用。無論問題的根源在哪里——無論是教育體系、政府政策還是企業(yè)招聘實踐——都需要加以識別和修正。
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