Or consider the English word. Coming from Latin rapere, its oldest sense involves neither sex nor bodily harm; it means to take something by force (as in the adjective, “rapacious”). This represents the attitude of many centuries in which rape was considered a property crime against a husband or father, robbing them of a woman’s virginity or chastity, which were the father’s to give away to a spouse. It was not something done to the woman herself.
或者想想英語單詞。Rape 源自拉丁語 rapere，它最古老的意思既不涉及性也不涉及身體傷害；它的意思是用武力取得某物(如形容詞“rapacious貪婪的”)。這代表了許多世紀(jì)以來的態(tài)度，強(qiáng)奸被認(rèn)為是對丈夫或父親的財(cái)產(chǎn)犯罪，剝奪了她們的貞操或貞操，而貞操是父親送給配偶的。這不是女性自己做的事。
Fortunately, feminists long ago succeeded in placing the woman’s experience at the heart of the matter. But “rape” is now such a powerful and painful word that English-speakers have developed a hazier vocabulary to talk about and around it instead. “Sexual assault” rose in prominence in the 1970s. Its adoption reflected the fact that there were many ways to commit, and experience, traumatic sexual violence; the kind that could rob a woman of her virginity was only one, and need not always be privileged over others. Numerous American states and Canada, for example, no longer have a crime called “rape” on the statute books, but rather varying degrees of sexual assault.
幸運(yùn)的是，女權(quán)主義者很久以前就成功地將女性的經(jīng)驗(yàn)置于問題的核心。但“rape 強(qiáng)奸”現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)如此強(qiáng)大而痛苦的詞，以至于說英語的人已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)更模糊的詞匯來談?wù)摵蛧@它。“Sexual assault 性侵犯”在20世紀(jì)70年代開始流行起來。這個(gè)詞的采用反映了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即犯下和經(jīng)歷創(chuàng)傷性暴力的方式有很多；能奪走一個(gè)女人童貞的東西只有一種，而且不必總是享有特權(quán)。
The breadth of the label “sexual assault” has its uses—for example, when statisticians want to aggregate different offences. It can convey the sense of violation that comes with all its manifestations. It gives women who have suffered different kinds of harms an umbrella of solidarity. Finally, victims who use “sexual assault” may themselves not want to be more specific.
“Sexual assault 性侵犯”這個(gè)標(biāo)簽的寬度有它的用途——例如，當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家想要匯總不同的犯罪行為時(shí)。它可以傳達(dá)所有的表現(xiàn)形式所帶來的冒犯感。它為遭受各種傷害的女性提供了團(tuán)結(jié)的保護(hù)傘。最后，使用“性侵犯”一次的受害者自己可能不想說得更具體。
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