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Unemployment for 15- to 24-year-olds stands at 16%,
15歲到24歲人群的失業率為16%，
which is high by regional standards and three times the rate for the working-age population as a whole.
該比例按地區標準衡量偏高，且是整個勞動年齡人口比例的三倍。
That may be partly because young people are holding out for plum jobs in the civil service,
部分原因或許是因為年輕人正在為公務員的美差而苦苦掙扎，
where kickbacks are easily extracted, or in the natural-resources sector, where pay is high, says Chris Manning of Australia National University.
公務員容易拿回扣，或是薪水很高的自然資源部門，澳大利亞國立大學的Chris Manning說到。
But youth unemployment is highest among university graduates, suggesting a mismatch between the skills taught and those needed.
但青年失業率在大學畢業生中最高，這表明教授技能和所需技能并不匹配。
Hence an idea popular among policy wonks: to improve vocational schools and government training schemes.
因此一種想法在政治專家中很流行：改進職業學校和政府培訓計劃。
School reforms would take a generation to be felt,
學校改革需要一代人的時間才能感受到，
but better training for the existing labour force could create more jobs within a year, argues Chatib Basri, a former finance minister.
但對現有勞動力進行更好的培訓可以在一年內創造更多的就業機會，前財政部長Chatib Basri說到。
That would give Jokowi the political capital and momentum he needs to press for further changes.
這將給維多多他所需的政治資本和動力推動進一步改革。
The reform economists think would be most effective would be to make it easier for foreigners to invest.
經濟學家認為最有效的改革是讓國外投資變得更加容易。
A study by the OECD found that Indonesia's rules for foreign direct investment (FDI)
OECD的一項研究發現印尼的國外直接投資（FDI）規定
were the third-most restrictive out of 68 rich and middle-income countries.
是68個富裕和中等收入國家中第三嚴格的。
FDI as a share of GDP has averaged 1.5% over the past three years, among the lowest in the region.
過去三年，FDI占GDP的比重平均為1.5%，是該地區最低的。
Red tape makes it hard for foreign workers to move to Indonesia. They are less than 1% of the workforce.
繁文縟節使外籍員工難以移民印尼。他們占勞動力比例不足1%。
Loosening these rules would help to revive the ailing manufacturing sector.
放寬這些規定將幫助復興落后的制造業。
Indonesia struggles to compete with neighbours with better infrastructure and lower payroll costs.
印尼難以和擁有更好基礎設施建設和更低薪工成本的鄰國競爭。
That is particularly the case in export-oriented industries such as smartphone assembly and shoemaking.
在智能手機組裝和制鞋等出口導向型行業尤其如此。
In Vietnam the value of imports plus exports is around 195% of GDP; in Indonesia it is about 43%.
在越南，進口加出口的價值大約是GDP的195%；在印尼，約43%。
Cutting import restrictions would also help.
減少進口限制也會有所幫助。
Mr Basri points out that 90% of Indonesia's imports are raw materials or capital goods, such as machinery, which keep factories humming.
Basri指出印尼90%的進口是原材料或生產資料，如幫助工廠運營的機器。
An influx of foreign firms could have direct benefits for the education system, too.
外國公司的涌入也會給教育體系帶來直接的好處。
In Malaysia and Thailand, unlike Indonesia, foreigners can establish and operate universities.
和印尼不一樣，在馬來西亞和泰國，外國人可以建立、經營大學。
Moreover, foreigners could help train Indonesians. Skills are taught at least as well on the factory floor as in the classroom.
此外，外國人可以幫助訓練印尼人。至少在工廠教授的技能和在學校里的一樣好。
Google has launched a scholarship to teach Indonesian students to code; it says it has already trained 110,000 app developers.
谷歌成立了一項獎學金用于教印尼學生編碼；其表示已經培訓出了110000位應用開發工程師。
Jokowi's aim of upskilling Indonesia is admirable. The best way to do it is to attract skill-hungry businesses.
維多多提高印尼人技術的目標是值得贊賞的。提高技能最好的方法是吸引急需技能的企業。
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