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In this respect the news is less encouraging. Across the OECD the gender pay gap of full-time employees averages 13.5% and varies widely,
在這一方面，新聞就沒那么鼓舞人心。經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）中，全職員工的性別收入差距平均為13.5%且差異很大，
from 3.4% in Luxembourg to 36.7% in South Korea. It can be hard to adjust for all the many factors, such as skill levels, that might explain this gap.
從盧森堡的3.4%到韓國的36.7%各不相等。由于眾多原因，這一現象很難改變，如技能水平，這或許能解釋這一差距。
Nevertheless, the OECD found last year that full-time employed women with a college degree earned, on average, 26% less than their male equivalents.
不過OECD發現去年擁有大學學歷的全職女性員工的平均工資比同等學歷的男性少26%。
A World Bank survey of 187 economies, published last month, found that women had, on average, three-quarters of the legal and employment rights of men.
世界銀行對187個經濟體做了一項調查并于上個月出版，該調查發現女性的平均法定權力和就業權只有男性的3/4.
The survey asked questions such as whether women were free to travel and open a business,
該調查中詢問的問題有，女性是否能自由旅行和創業
if they had property rights and if they were protected from sexual harassment.
她們是否有財產權以及她們是否免于性騷擾。
In the Middle East and north Africa, women were found on this basis to have less than half the rights of men (Saudi Arabia was ranked lowest of all the countries surveyed).
在中東和北非，女性在此基礎上的權力不到男性的一半（沙特阿拉伯在所有被調查國家中排名最低）。
Only in six countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Latvia, Luxembourg and Sweden) did the law and society grant women equal rights.
僅有6個國家（比利時、丹麥、法國、拉脫維亞、盧森堡和瑞典）賦予了女性同等的法律和社會權力。
Problems are deep-rooted. Research by Lisa Cameron of the University of Melbourne with the IZA, a German thinktank,
這些問題根深蒂固。德國智囊團IZA和墨爾本大學的麗莎·卡梅隆研究發現
found that in many developing economies more than half of all non-agricultural female workers relied on informal employment, a higher share than men.
在很多發展中國家，超過一半的非農業女性都從事著非正規職業，這一比例高于男性。
Not only do these women get paid less as a result, they also lack access to state social programmes, such as unemployment benefit and pensions,
因此，這些女性不僅掙得少，她們還不能參與國家社會項目，如失業津貼和養老金，
which are often designed with formal employment status in mind.
這些通常是為正式用工狀況所設計的。
The result is that poorly paid women have few resources to fall back on.
結果，這些薪水微薄的女性能依賴的資源非常少。
In addition, social programmes are much less generous in developing economies than they are in the rich world,
此外，發展中國家的社會項目沒有發達國家的那么慷慨，
absorbing 17.7% of GDP in Europe and 10.7% in America, but only 9.7% in Latin America and just 1.4% in South-East Asia.
歐洲社會項目占GDP的17.7%，美國是10.7%，但在拉丁美洲僅為9.7%，在東南亞只有1.4%。
Without the cushion of a benefit system, working women in the developing world probably must endure more bullying and harassment at work, for fear of losing their jobs.
沒了福利體系的保護，發展中國家的職業女性或許必須在工作中忍受更多欺凌和騷擾，因為她們害怕丟了工作。
So there is certainly cause to celebrate women making small steps forward in the boardroom.
所以絕對有理由慶祝女性在董事會中取得的小進步。
But bigger leaps are still needed elsewhere. Progress in the boardroom is only a start.
但是世界各地仍需要更大的進步。董事會議室中的進步僅僅是一個開始。
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