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It costs more to send a 40-foot container by road from Bogotá, Colombia's capital,
通過陸路將一個40英尺的集裝箱從哥倫比亞首都波哥大
to Buenaventura on its Pacific coast than to ship it on from Buenaventura to Shanghai.
運往太平海岸的布埃納文圖拉，其成本比通過海運從布埃納文圖拉運往上海的成本還高。
According to the World Economic Forum, Colombia's roads are among the worst in Latin America.
世界經濟論壇表示，哥倫比亞公路是拉美地區最糟糕的公路之一。
For more than 20 years governments have tried to improve matters, with little success. Now Colombia is trying again.
20多年來，政府嘗試過改善這些問題，但收效甚微。現在哥倫比亞又開始了新的嘗試。
Central to the latest attempt, called the Fourth Generation (4G) road-development programme,
最近的一個項目被稱為第四代(4G)公路發展項目，
is the National Development Finance corporation (FDN), which was launched in 2013.
該項目以國家發展金融公司（FDN）為中心，FDN于2013年成立。
Unlike most development banks elsewhere, it funds at most 25% of any project.
和其他大部分發展銀行不同的是，FDN對任何項目的資助最多為該項目的25%。
It must seek out private investors, at home and abroad, and package projects to offer acceptable risks and returns.
FDN必須在國內外尋找私人投資者，并將項目打包以提供可接受的風險和回報。
Colombia's needs are so great, says Clemente del Valle, the FDN's president, that it "can't just sit around and wait till those markets are developed."
哥倫比亞的需求非常大，FDN主席Clemente del Valle表示。哥倫比亞“不能無所事事坐等那些市場自己發展起來。”
That forces it to support only viable proposals, says Ramiro Lopez-Ghio of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).
那種壓力迫使它只能支持可行建議，美洲開發銀行（IDB）的Ramiro Lopez-Ghio說道。
The result is that the FDN's involvement is a signal of quality. It gives investors comfort in other ways, too.
結果是FDN的參與成了一種項目質量的信號，也在其他方面給了投資者一種安慰。
The bank offers a peso credit line that helps foreign investors offset their exchange-rate risk.
銀行提供一種比索信用額度幫助外國投資者抵消他們的匯率風險。
And it lobbied congress to make it easier for Colombian pension funds to invest in the infrastructure-debt funds it helped set up.
銀行對國會進行游說使利用哥倫比亞養老基金投資基礎設施債務基金變得更加容易，后者也由該銀行幫助成立。
Another aim of the FDN is to help fight graft. This is common in government infrastructure projects the world over.
FDN的另一個目標是幫助反腐敗。貪腐在全世界的政府基礎設施項目中非常普遍。
Colombia has been no exception. In one recent scandal, dubbed the Merry-Go-Round, construction firms overpriced work and bribed politicians,
哥倫比亞也不例外。在最近的一起丑聞中，建筑公司抬高工程價格并向政客行賄，
including Bogotá's former mayor, who was sentenced to 24 years in jail. (He is appealing.)
其中包括波哥大的前市長，他被判刑24年。（目前他在上訴。）
And it is one of at least ten Latin American countries where Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction giant, bribed politicians to win contracts.
在至少10個拉美國家中，就有一個國家的政客收受巴西建筑巨頭Odebrecht的中標行賄。
Respected foreign institutions have been brought in to try to change all that.
為了改變這種現象，備受尊重的國外機構被引進。
Though Colombia's government is the FDN's majority shareholder,
雖然哥倫比亞政府是FDN的大股東，
the International Finance Corporation and the Andean Development Corporation each hold around 8-9%.
但國際金融公司和安第斯開發公司各持約8-9%的股份。
The Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, a private Japanese bank, holds a similar share.
日本私有銀行三井住友銀行也持相當股份。
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