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We tend to think of Edward the Confessor as the quintessential Anglo-saxon king.
我們傾向于把懺悔者愛德華看作 一個(gè)典型的盎格魯撒克遜國(guó)王
In fact,he was almost as Norman as William the Conqueror.
事實(shí)上 他幾乎與征服者威廉一樣是個(gè)諾曼人
After all, his mother Emma was a Norman and he'd lived here in Normandy for 30 years,
他的母親愛瑪是諾曼人 在撒克遜與丹麥戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的硝煙中
ever since she'd brought him as a child refugee from the wars between the Saxons and the Danes.
把他扮作難民童帶出 逃亡至諾曼底 自那以后 他便在此生活了三十年
But Normandy was not just an asylum for Edward,
但諾曼底不僅僅是愛德華的避難所
it was the place which formed him politically and culturally.
還培養(yǎng)了他在政治和文化方面的才能
His mother tongue was Norman French.
他的母語是諾曼法語
His virtual godfathers were the formidable Dukes of Normandy.
他真正的教父是那些令人敬畏的諾曼底公爵
The Normans were descendants of Viking raiders,
諾曼人是維京海盜的后裔
but had long since traded in their longboats for powerful war-horses.
但在很久以前就把戰(zhàn)船換成了強(qiáng)大的戰(zhàn)馬
The Duchy of Normandy was in no sense just a piece of France.
諾曼底公國(guó)絕非僅為法國(guó)的一部分
Though the Dukes did formal homage to the kings of France,
盡管公爵在正式禮儀上效忠法國(guó)國(guó)王
in every other way, they were fiercely independent,
但在其它方面 他們是完全獨(dú)立的
possessed of castles, patrons of churches.
擁有自己的城堡與自己資助的教堂
These warlords were constantly in the saddle imposing their will on vassals,
這些軍閥常年馬不解鞍地四處征戰(zhàn) 將其意愿強(qiáng)加于諸侯
fighting off revolts and forging shaky coalitions.
平定叛亂 締結(jié)搖搖欲傾的盟約
But the duchy was also humming with energetic piety.
公國(guó)也忙于各種虔誠(chéng)的宗教活動(dòng)
In the 11th century,handsome stone monasteries and churches with Romanesque arches began to appear.
在11世紀(jì) 擁有羅馬式拱形結(jié)構(gòu)的 漂亮的石砌修道院和教堂 開始出現(xiàn)
And the first grandiose stone castles,as tough as the Norman lords who'd built them,became part of the landscape.
最早的宏偉壯麗的石砌城堡 如建造它們的諾曼王族一般堅(jiān)毅 成為了這風(fēng)景一部分
