評論
打印
=====精彩回顧===
"How Much Added Sugar Is Too Much?"
食物中添加多少糖過量
In 1776, at the time of the American Revolution, Americans consumed about 4 pounds of sugar per person each year. By 1850, this had risen to 20 pounds, and by 1994 to 120 pounds. Now we’re closer to 160. Half of that is fructose, taking up about 10% of our diet. This is not from eating apples, but rather the fact that we’re each guzzling the equivalent of 16-ounce soft drink every day on average; that’s about 50 gallons a year.
1776年，美國大革命時期，美國人每年每人食用4磅的糖。1850年，該數字增加到20磅。1994年，該數字是120磅。現在已經接近160磅。其中一半是果糖，占我們飲食的大約10%。而人們吃這些糖并不是以吃蘋果的形式，而是因為我們每天喝相當于16盎司的軟飲料，每年大約50加侖。
Even researchers paid by the likes of the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group and The Coca- Cola Company acknowledge that sugar is empty calories, containing no essential micronutrients,
and therefore if we’re trying to reduce caloric intake, reducing sugar consumption is obviously the place to start.
即使Dr Pepper Snapple Group和可口可樂公司提供資金的研究人員也承認，糖是空熱量，沒有任何必需的微量營養素，因此如果我們我們想要減少卡路里的攝入，很明顯應該從減少吃糖開始。
Concern has been raised, though, that sugar calories may be worse than just empty.
然而，人們擔憂的是，糖帶來的問題不僅僅是空熱量而已。
A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that the fructose added to foods and beverages in the form of table sugar and high fructose corn syrup in large enough amounts can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and other chronic diseases.
越來越多科學證據表明，以食糖和果糖玉米糖漿形式大量添加到食物和飲料中的果糖會觸發一系列反應，導致肝臟中毒和其他慢性疾病。
Fructose hones in like a laser beam on the liver, and like alcohol, fructose can increase the fat in the liver, increasing the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,
which is one of the most remarkable medical developments over the past 3 decades: the emergence of fatty liver inflammation as a public health problem here and around the globe.
果糖像激光一樣進入肝臟，就像酒精一樣，果糖會增加肝臟中的脂肪，增加非酒精性脂肪肝的風險，這是過去30年最重大的醫學進展之一：脂肪肝已經成為美國和全球矚目的公共健康問題。
These may not be messages that the sugar industry or beverage makers want to hear.
這或許不是糖業或飲料制造商想要聽到的消息。
In response, the director-general of a sugar industry front group replied, “Overconsumption of anything is harmful, including of water and air.”
作為回應，糖業前沿組織主任回應說，“過量消耗任何食物都是有害的，包括水和空氣。”
Yes, the overconsumption of sugar compared to breathing too much.
是的，過量消耗糖就和呼吸過量一樣。
As one author expressed, “I suppose it is natural for the vast and powerful sugar interests to seek to protect themselves, since sugar takes up the single greatest percentage of our daily caloric intake.”
就像一位作者說的，“我認為與糖有著重大利益的組織想要保護自己是自然的，因為糖占據我們日常熱量消耗的重大部分。”
The American Heart Association is trying to change that though. Under their new sugar guidelines, most American women should consume no more than 100 calories per day from added sugars, and most American men should eat or drink no more than 150.
然而，美國心臟學會試圖做出改變。按照他們新的指引，大部分美國女性以添加糖的方式每天應該消耗不超過100卡路里的熱量，大部分美國男性應該食用或飲用不超過150卡路里的熱量。
That means one can of soda could take us over the top for the whole day.
這意味著一天喝一罐汽水就足夠了。
Similarly, the new draft guidelines from the World Health Organization suggests we should benefit – we can benefit from restricting added sugars to under 5% of calories. That’s about 6 spoonfuls of added sugar a day.
類似地，來自世界衛生組織新的指引方針草案認為我們攝入的糖應該占據熱量總量的5%以下，也就是每天大約6湯匙糖。
I don’t know why they don’t just recommend zero as optimal, but you can get a sense of how radical their proposal is given that this is how many we consume right now.
我不知道為何他們不干脆建議不要吃糖，但是鑒于現在我們攝入的糖那么多，你可以感受到他們的建議多么激進。
