評論
打印
=====精彩回顧===
"How Much Exercise to Sustain Weight Loss"
要多少運動才能減肥？
Right now, almost 2/3 of Americans are overweight. And by 2030, more than 1/2 our population may be clinically obese.Childhood obesity has tripled and most of them will grow up to be overweight as well.
現在，近三分之二的美國人體重超重。截止到2030年，超過一半的人口達到臨床上的肥胖。兒童肥胖率已經是過去的三倍，其中大部分人長大后也會超重。
The United States may be in the midst of raising the first generation since our nation's founding that will have a shorter predicted life span than that of the previous generation.
美國正在養育自建國以來預期壽命比以往各代縮短的第一代。
The food industry blames...inactivity.You just need to move more.
食品行業將這種現象歸咎于運動不足。你應該多運動一些。
But what is the role of exercise in the treatment of obesity?
但是運動在治療肥胖中發揮什么作用呢？
There's considerable debate in the medical literature today about whether physical activity has any role whatsoever in the epidemic of obesity that's swept the globe since the 80s.
自80年代以來，在醫學理論界，關于體育運動是否有助于減肥在全球都掀起了辯論熱潮。
The increase in calories per person is more than sufficient to explain the U.S. epidemic of obesity.
每個人熱量攝入的增加足以解釋美國普遍的肥胖現象。
In fact, if anything, the level of physical activity over the last few decades has actually gone up in both Europe and North America.This has important policy implications.Yes, we still need to exercise more,but the priorities for reversing the obesity epidemic should focus on the overconsumption of calories.
實際上，過去幾十年，歐洲和北美人的體育運動量都有所增加。這有著非常重要的政策導向意義。是的，我們仍然需要增加運動量，但是改變普遍肥胖現象的要務應該集中在能量的過量攝入方面。
To work off the increased caloric intake,which for kids it's like an extra can of soda and small fries,compared to what they were eating back in the 70s,and for adults it's like an extra Big Mac a day,to work that off you'd have to walk 2 hours a day, 7 days a week.
為了釋放過量攝入的熱量，對孩子們來說，可能是比70年代多喝一罐汽水，多吃一點炸薯條，對成年人來說可能是每天多吃一個巨無霸漢堡，為了消耗這些多余的熱量，你每天需要步行2小時，每周7天。
So exercise can prevent weight gain, but the amount required to prevent weight gain may be closer to twice the current recommendations.
所以，運動可以預防體重增加，但是預防體重增加的運動量接近現在建議量的兩倍。
Public health advocates have been experimenting with including this kind of information.
公共衛生衛士們正在試驗類似的信息。
The fast-food menu labeled with calories and the number of miles to walk to burn those calories appeared to be most effective in influencing the selection of lower calorie meals.
快餐菜單上標明熱量，以及要燃燒這些熱量需要步行的路程，這樣似乎可以有效影響人們選擇低熱量的飲食。
Now exercise alone may have a small effect,and that small effect can make a big difference on the population scale.
現在，僅僅運動只能產生非常小的影響，然而即使很小的影響也可以對所有人口產生很大的影響。
A 1% decrease in BMI nationwide might prevent millions of cases of diabetes and heart disease,thousands of cases of cancer...
全國人口BMI降低1%或許可以預防數百萬例糖尿病和心臟病，數百例癌癥……
But why don't we lose more weight from exercise? Maybe because we're just not doing it enough.
但是我們為何不能通過運動減輕更多體重？或許是因為我們的運動量不足。
The small magnitude of weight loss observed from the majority of exercise interventions,you know where they make people exercise,may be primarily due to how low the doses are of the prescribed exercise.
大部分運動干預觀察到體重幅度很小，或許是因為盡管他們讓人們運動，然而運動量卻很小。
People tend to overestimate how many calories are burned by physical activity.
人們傾向于高估體育運動燃燒的熱量。
For example, there's this myth that a bout of sexual activity burns a few hundred calories.So, hey, you could get a side of fries with that.
例如，有一個謬論宣稱一次性行為可以燃燒幾百卡路里的熱量。所以，或許之后你可以享用一包炸薯條了。
But if you actually hook people up and measure energy expenditure during the act and your study subjects don't get too tangled up with all the wires and hoses,though it may be merely the metabolic equivalent of calisthenics,given that the average bout of sexual activity only lasts about 6 minutes,a young man might expend approximately 21 calories during sexual intercourse.
如果你認識某個人，在對方性行為過程中測量一下能量消耗水平，你的研究對象毫無察覺，或許你會發現，實際上只相當于美容體操的新陳代謝量，因為每次性行為之持續大約6分鐘，一名年輕男子在性行為中大約消耗21卡路里的熱量。
Of course, he would've spent roughly 1/3 of that just lying around watching t.v.–just basal metabolism.
當然，也可能三分之一的時間他只是躺在那里看電視，只是基礎的代謝水平。
So the incremental benefit is plausibly on the order of 14 calories.
所以，真正的益處可能只是消耗了14卡路里的熱量。
So maybe we could have, like, 1 fry with that.
所以，或許我們只能消耗掉一根炸薯條的熱量。
