一、現分與過分的區別
現分　　　　　　過分　　　　　　考與不考備注
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
主動　　　　　　被動　　　　　　90%（后置定語，狀）
進行　　　　　　完成　　　　　　10%（前置定語）
┗┏┃　　　　動作　　　　　　狀態　　　　　　不考
┏　a retired general
┗ a retirign general 錯
┏　a fallen fruit 在地下
┗ a falling fruit　　　　正在掉
二、現在分詞與過去分詞的用法
1. 用于名詞后作后置定語，等同于定語從句，只考慮主被動
Indians who lived in
~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
分詞＝從句
2. 用于句首，句末作狀語，只考慮主被動
非此即彼　┏included in/by
┗including 分，prep
┏involved in
┗involving
3. 常考的接doing的詞
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
spend ... (in) doing
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in)　doing
三、動詞不定式的省略用法
1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
┗help sb to do = help sb do
2. 使役動詞必省to
let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
have sth done
3. 關于感觀動詞
see, hear, notice, feel, watch
必須省to
┏see sb do 看見整個過程
┗see sb doing　　看見動作正在進行
改被動后to 要加回來
┏be seen to do
┗be seen doing
四、動詞不定式的固定用法
1. 第一"人"
the first (sb) to do
2. 表"迫使"的動詞
allow sb to do allow sth
permit sb to do permit sth
enable sb to do enable sth
cause sb to do cause sth
force sb to do force sth
3. 表"傾向"的adj./V
tend to do
attemp to do
be (more) likely to do
that + 句子
be inclined to do
be apt to do
be liable to do
4. 表"目的"的名詞
The function + of sth. + is to do sth.
function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
5.與接不定式的V或adj. 同詞根的名詞也接不定式
be able to do -> ability to do
enable sb to do
decide to do -> decision to do
be ambitious to do -> ambition to do
try to do -> make great efforts to do
attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
五、動詞不定式的其它形式
1. 動詞不定式的將來式
主動：be to do
被動：be to be done
表示預計要發生或按計劃要發生的事情
China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
被動式與過去分詞的區別
the surfaces to be glued
the surfaces glued
2. 動詞不定式的完成時
主動　　to have done
被動　　to have been done
表示不定式的動作發生在謂語之前
I'm glad to have seen your son yesterday.
3. 某些adj. 后主動表被動
This plas is difficult to come out
easy
hard