冠詞(缺失與多余為重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn))

(A)

1. a與an的區(qū)別 (發(fā)音而非字母)

an: herd undergraduate understanding oyster honest

a : unique university unite yawn

2. a與復(fù)數(shù)名詞的混用

an outstanding methods.

3. 不定冠詞a的遺漏

(1)固定短語(yǔ)中a的遺漏

a set of, a piece of, a variety of, a series of,

a collection of , a wide range of

a wealth of + 不可數(shù)名詞(information)

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)概念

且無(wú)其它限定詞，必須用不定冠詞

也就是說(shuō)，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前必須有限定詞

* v+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 錯(cuò)

prep+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 錯(cuò)

of humid area area可數(shù)，所以錯(cuò)

of prize fighter fighter可數(shù)，所以錯(cuò)

of raindrop 亦然

例外：a. a part of= part of

part 永遠(yuǎn)對(duì)

b. 表示職務(wù)、身份、親屬關(guān)系的詞可以單獨(dú)使用

Little Bush, son of George Bush, is running

for the office of president.

c. 表示"種類(lèi)"名詞后所接noun可單獨(dú)使用

type of , kind of, sort of

d. 表示某一方面的名詞可單獨(dú)使用

All cells differ in function, in size, in color, in shape.

(B)定冠詞 (the ,表特指)

the astronomy, the nitrogen, the iron, in the histroy,

in the nature, of the human hoby, on the right side

這些名詞前都不能加the

1. 表示"獨(dú)一無(wú)二"的事物

the Great Wall, the Sun, the Moon, the Earth

2. 關(guān)于序數(shù)詞

* 序數(shù)詞只有作定語(yǔ)修飾noun,才必須加the

年代：in the serventeenth century

排序：the eight(h) element (is)......

* 序數(shù)詞考兩點(diǎn)：a. 加不加the

b. 是eight或eithth (單詞)

陷阱： a. Utah ranks first among...

b. A is second only to B.

3. adj.最高級(jí)作前置定語(yǔ)修飾noun,才必須加the.

the most desolate region(S)

the most ... area(s)

adj+est 后可以是復(fù)數(shù)。

4. 四大洋，河流，湖泊前必須加the

Winds from the Atlantic Ocean

5. "人體" the human body

"普通人" the average person

the common person

6. 表示"開(kāi)始"與"結(jié)束"，必須加the

the beginning( 可以加s) the end

7. 學(xué)科前不加the

the astrology錯(cuò)

元素前不加the

Iron, Nitrogen

8. nature

a. 在自然界 in nature

b. ... of nature 本質(zhì)上的

faith of natrue 發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的

9. history

a. 泛指"在歷史上"，in history

b. 特指在某種歷史上，in the history of NOS

10.樂(lè)器 play the piano(正確)

play erhu(正確)

11.城市名，州名，國(guó)家名前不加the

in Beijing , in the city of Beijing

聯(lián)合名詞除外：the United States

the United kingdom

a United States boy.

12.most的用法

a. 作為一個(gè)副詞(adv.)修飾adj,adv，表示最高級(jí)

... are most plantiful ...

the most handsome teacher

b. adj. 大多數(shù)的

most animals 泛指

(不可以+the)+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞皆可

~~~~~~~~~~~~~決定謂語(yǔ)

c. pron.大多數(shù)，大部分

most of the animals 特指

d. a most beautiful girl

~~~~adv., very

e. most/mostly

均作副詞時(shí)，most修飾形容詞、副詞

mostly修飾動(dòng)詞、介詞

be composed mostly of