名詞

一、重要的名詞

(A)重要的可數名詞

discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance,

population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal,

insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature,

picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device,

structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind,

resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose,

style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type

(B)常見的不可數名詞

furniture, luggage, clothing, equiment, poetry, jewelry,

machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge,

homework, evidence, folige, advertising, health

1. 液體不可數

2. 自然現象不可數：rain, sunlight,

but a heavy rain 可以用

3. 顆粒狀不可數

4. 看不見摸不著的不可數

證據不可數，intelligence 不可數， advice 建議皆不可數

5. 學科不可數

mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics,

mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry,

philosophy, biology, histroy

6. 疾病不可數: meales, munps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病)

7. 總稱不可數

(C)常見的不規則名詞

*tooth, foot 一定錯

man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese,

basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,

hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-lavar,

fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media,

bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice,

child-children, phonemenon-phenomena

(D)常見的單復數同形的名詞

aircraft, spcecraft 等 craft結尾的詞

species, series, means(mean不加s不是名詞)

sheep, deer, trout, carp, salmon, fish->fishes,fish

魚類一般單復同形

(E)單一復數意義有差異的名詞

sky-skies(氣候) water-waters(水系，永遠不錯)

good-goods(貨物) part-parts(才能)

custom=customs(風俗) spectacle(風景)-spectacles(眼睛)

letter-letters(文字) arm-arms(武器)

force-forces (武裝力量)

？？：這些詞加s后是另一個名詞單數還是作為復數

(F)即可數又不可數的名詞

不可數 可數

paper 紙 文件

rock 碎巖 塊巖

collection 各種收藏品 同一種收藏品

sugar 砂糖 方糖

area 面積 地區

land 面積 區域

work 作品；工作 著作；工廠，工程，工事

room 空間 房間

time 時間 倍數，時代

* art, newspaper, food, beverage

art 泛指藝術 不可數

一種藝術 an art

各種各樣的藝術 arts

eighteen pieces of newspapers 十八張報紙

eighteen newspapers 十八種報紙

此類：強調種類就屬于可數

二、名詞作定語的單復數問題

(A)名詞作主語，即noun.修飾noun.,前面的名詞必須是單數

color effects, employment agenenices, sentence form, tree trunks

例外：a sales girl, a sales tax

a greetings card, a sports car

a savings bank, a communications satellite

a systems engineering

(B)man或woman修飾noun.時，其單復數應該同時變

a woman boxer->women boxers

(C)表示某一學科的教授、學生、教科書、實驗室...時，只能用

學科名本身修飾

a mathematical professor 錯

a biological textbook 錯

the chemical lab 錯

the highest scientific award 錯

a mathematical model 對

三、重要的限定詞

(A) many + 復數

much + 不可數n

看見many 去找復數名詞

as many as

50 percent of the money

~~~~~~不可數 ~~~~~不可數

many和much可為代詞

many of..., much of..., ...by many

(B)some,any 后跟單/復數, 不可數/可數 均可

some object 某一物體

some objects 一些物體

some money 一些錢

也可作代詞：some of..., any of...

(C)few/a few, little/a little

~~~~~~~~+可數 ~~~~~~~~~~~+不可數

few+復數

(D)every/each + 單可

each major styles 錯

each ten boys 對

every four years 對

(E)數詞/several + 復數

five aircraft 對

several setting 錯

(F)one of/among + 復數

* be considered (to be) +noun./adj.

be regareded as

be viewed as

(G)first/only/single + 單/復均可

the first school 第一所學校

the first schools 第一批學校

a single + 單可

no single + 復可

(H)hundred,thousand,million,billion

five hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boys

(I)another + 單可

other + 復名(純粹的other)

anyother+ 單可

例外：other part .(part 永遠對)

(J) a number of + 復noun. + 復Verb

the number of + 復noun. + 單verb

The amount fo leisue time is increasing