一、主謂一致

1. 主謂的分隔原則

S, ---,VO

主謂之間可以用定從及省略形式的定從分隔

* 主謂一致與主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)

2. 定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

...noun.+that/which+V

* that, which并不反映單復(fù)數(shù)

one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 復(fù)V

the only one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 單V

3. 隨前一致

together with, as well as, with, including, of

4. 隨后一致

not 單n. but 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

not noly 單n. but also 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

5. 就近一致

單n. or 復(fù)n.

either 單n. or 復(fù)n.

neither 單n. nor 復(fù)n.

is he or we... 對(duì)

he or we are... 對(duì)

6. 可數(shù)名詞and可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

不可數(shù)名詞and不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

例外：war and peace is/was

black and white is/was

bread and butter is/was

to love and to be loved is/was

7. 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)

most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent

__+of+n.+V 由名詞決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

8. 倒裝句中的主謂一致

There be...

between , among 等介詞位于句首，即引起倒裝

Between ...+ be + noun.

Among...+ be + noun.

主 + 系 + 表

主系關(guān)系要一致，系表關(guān)系可以不一致

9. The+ adj.

a. 表示“一類人”用復(fù)數(shù)V

The rich are ridiculous

b. 表示某一抽象概念

The good is attractive

10. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)noun. + 單V

more than one 單數(shù)noun. + 單數(shù)V

many a + 單noun. + 單V

a + 單noun. or + two + 單V: a day or two

news 單數(shù) measles 不可數(shù)

the series 用is/are從上下文得出

二、時(shí)態(tài)

1. in + 過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

2. befort+ 過(guò)去年份，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

3. for/since:

for后跟時(shí)間段，可用現(xiàn)在完成和一般過(guò)去時(shí)

since 后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，只能跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

I have been a teacher for 3 years.

I have been a teacher since 1996.

I was a teacher for 3 years.

4. 自然現(xiàn)象、真理描述用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混用

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混用

三、語(yǔ)態(tài)　　　考主被的混用

一個(gè)證明，二個(gè)位于，三個(gè)需要，四個(gè)情感

1. 證明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.

prove(vt) + sth./that +句子

my advice rpoved to be wrong

2. 位于：locate永遠(yuǎn)考被動(dòng)

situate 主動(dòng)：把...放置;確定位置

被動(dòng)：位于

3. 需要：need, want, require

┏ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)原

┃ ┏ doing

need　┃　實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 ┃ to do ...一般

┃ ┗ to be done

┗　n.詞

My watch need┏ repairing. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

┗ to be repaired.

require┏ to be done

want ┗ doing

4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move

I am pleased. 主語(yǔ)高興

The news is pleasing. 令人高興

使...高興（心煩、驚訝、感動(dòng)）

Franklin is so moved.

The story is so moving.