Stuck at Holyrood with the task of ruling Scotland without him, Mary increasingly relied on her private secretary, the Italian Catholic, David Riccio.

結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：這是一個(gè)含有過去分詞短語的復(fù)合句。

主句是： Mary increasingly relied on her private secretary, the Italian Catholic, David Riccio，過去分詞短語是：stuck at Holyrood with the task of ruling Scotland without him。

主句中的the Italian Catholic是做secretary的同位語，David Riccio是做the Italian Catholic的同位語。

過去分詞短語中的非謂語動(dòng)詞stick與主語Mary存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，這個(gè)過去分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語。

在這個(gè)過去分詞短語中，with the task of ruling Scotland without him是介詞短語作原因狀語，表示Mary要獨(dú)自一人堅(jiān)守在Holyrood的原因。

So Darnley is increasing estrangement from his wife, which gave the lords most offended by Riccio's access to the queen the opening they were looking for.

結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：這個(gè)句子是含有定于從句的復(fù)合句。

主句是： Darnley is increasing estrangement from his wife，非限定性定語從句是：which gave the lords most offended by Riccio's access to the queen the opening they were looking for。

在非限定性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞which是只帶前面說到的情況（Darnley is increasing estrangement from his wife）。

在這個(gè)非限定性定語從句中，謂語的主干是gave the lords the opening。其余的most offended by Riccio's access to the queen是過去發(fā)分詞作后置定語修飾名詞lords，they were looking for是定語從句修飾名詞opening，這個(gè)定語從句省去了引導(dǎo)詞that或者是which。