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Lesson 56 Smoking Facts and Figures.
第56課：有關(guān)抽煙的事實和數(shù)字
Many people, including doctors, parents, teachers, and others, are concerned about the health risks of cigarette smoking. According to the latest statistics, active smoking kills 400,000 smokers in the United States each year, and secondhand smoke kills 53,000 nonsmokers in the United States each year. Equally disturbing is the fact that 80% of smokers have their first cigarette before they are 18 years old.
包括醫(yī)生、父母、老師在內(nèi)的許多人都很關(guān)注抽煙給健康帶來的危害。最新的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，在美國，每年主動吸煙導(dǎo)致四十萬吸煙者的死亡，被動吸煙導(dǎo)致五萬三千名不抽煙人的死亡。同樣令人不安的一個事實是，百分之八十的吸煙者是在十八歲之前開始抽第一支煙的。
Before trying to solve the health problems related to cigarette smoking, an important question to ask is why people start smoking to begin with. Some factors involved in beginning to smoke are environmental. For example, family history influences whether or not a child becomes a smoker.
要想解決與吸煙有關(guān)的健康問題，首先要問的一個重要問題是為什么人們會開始吸煙。導(dǎo)致開始吸煙的部分原因是環(huán)境因素。例如，家庭吸煙史會影響到孩子是否會成為一名吸煙者。
When parents smoke, they model smoking behaviour, and children often copy what they see their parents do. Many people, especially young people, have their first cigarette because of peer pressure. They want to be accepted in their social group, and if smoking is part of the group's activities, young people will begin to smoke in order to be accepted into the group.
父母吸煙的話，他們成了抽煙行為的模仿對象，孩子們經(jīng)常會模仿他們父母的行為。許多人，特別是年輕人，他們開始抽煙是因為來自同伴的壓力。青年人希望能被自己的社會群體認(rèn)可。如果抽煙是這個群體的活動的一部分，他們就會開始抽煙以加入這個群體。
Personal factors also affect whether a person will begin to smoke. People with tendencies toward risk-taking behaviour are more likely to start smoking than people who tend not to take risks. Outgoing people are also more likely to become smokers than shy people are. People also take up smoking to alleviate stress, or to help themselves lose weight. Finally, people, especially young people, begin to smoke because they believe smoking makes them appear mature, self-confident, and independent.
個人因素也會影響一個人是否會開始抽煙。有冒險傾向的人比不愿冒險的人開始抽煙的可能性要大。外向型性格的人比害羞的人更容易成為一名吸煙者。有些人開始抽煙是為了減輕壓力，或者幫助減肥。最后，有些人，特別是青年人開始抽煙是因為他們相信抽煙使他們顯得成熟、自信和獨(dú)立。
When we understand the reasons why people become smokers, we can help smokers become nonsmokers again. We can also help nonsmokers remain lifetime nonsmokers.
我們了解了為什么人們會成為吸煙者后，就可以幫助吸煙者戒煙，也可以幫助不抽煙的人一輩子都不抽煙。
