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Responding to Climate Change: China's Policies and Actions
《中國應(yīng)對氣候變化的政策與行動(dòng)》白皮書
Responding to Climate Change: China's Policies and Actions
中國應(yīng)對氣候變化的政策與行動(dòng)
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國國務(wù)院新聞辦公室
October 2021
2021年10月
Contents
目錄
Preface
前言
I. China's New Responses to Climate Change
一、中國應(yīng)對氣候變化新理念
II. Implementing a National Strategy of Actively Responding to Climate Change
二、實(shí)施積極應(yīng)對氣候變化國家戰(zhàn)略
III. Significant Changes in China's Response to Climate Change
三、中國應(yīng)對氣候變化發(fā)生歷史性變化
IV. Building a Fair and Rational Global Climate Governance System for Win-Win Results
四、共建公平合理、合作共贏的全球氣候治理體系
Conclusion
結(jié)束語
Preface
前言
Climate change is a challenge for all of humanity. The sustainable development of the Chinese nation and the future of the planet depend on tackling it successfully.
氣候變化是全人類的共同挑戰(zhàn)。應(yīng)對氣候變化，事關(guān)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展，關(guān)乎人類前途命運(yùn)。
China attaches great importance to its response to climate change. As the largest developing country in the world, China has adopted a number of policies, measures and actions to tackle climate change and take part in global climate governance, despite the difficulties this creates for its own economic and social development. These efforts have achieved positive results.
中國高度重視應(yīng)對氣候變化。作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，中國克服自身經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等方面困難，實(shí)施一系列應(yīng)對氣候變化戰(zhàn)略、措施和行動(dòng)，參與全球氣候治理，應(yīng)對氣候變化取得了積極成效。
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) convened in 2012, guided by Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization and committed to the new development philosophy, China has made the response to climate change a higher priority in state governance. It has steadily reduced the intensity of its carbon emissions, reinforced the effort to achieve its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and maximized its drive to mitigate climate change. It has adopted green and low-carbon approaches in its economic and social development, and worked to build a modernized country in which humanity and nature coexist in harmony. At the general debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China would scale up its NDCs by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. China is taking pragmatic actions towards these goals.
中共十八大以來，在習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想指引下，中國貫徹新發(fā)展理念，將應(yīng)對氣候變化擺在國家治理更加突出的位置，不斷提高碳排放強(qiáng)度削減幅度，不斷強(qiáng)化自主貢獻(xiàn)目標(biāo)，以最大努力提高應(yīng)對氣候變化力度，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，建設(shè)人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化。2020年9月22日，中國國家主席習(xí)近平在第七十五屆聯(lián)合國大會(huì)一般性辯論上鄭重宣示：中國將提高國家自主貢獻(xiàn)力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力爭于2030年前達(dá)到峰值，努力爭取2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和。中國正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)而付諸行動(dòng)。
As a responsible country, China is committed to building a global climate governance system that is fair, rational, cooperative and beneficial to all, and makes its due contribution to tackling climate change using its greatest strengths and most effective solutions. Confronted by the challenges of climate change, China is willing to work together with the international community to ensure the Paris Agreement delivers steady and lasting results, and make greater contribution to the global response.
作為負(fù)責(zé)任的國家，中國積極推動(dòng)共建公平合理、合作共贏的全球氣候治理體系，為應(yīng)對氣候變化貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧中國力量。面對氣候變化嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，中國愿與國際社會(huì)共同努力、并肩前行，助力《巴黎協(xié)定》行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，為全球應(yīng)對氣候變化作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to document its progress in mitigating climate change, and to share its experience and approaches with the rest of the international community.
為介紹中國應(yīng)對氣候變化進(jìn)展，分享中國應(yīng)對氣候變化實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，增進(jìn)國際社會(huì)了解，特發(fā)布本白皮書。
I. China's New Responses to Climate Change
一、中國應(yīng)對氣候變化新理念
China's responses to climate change are an important part of its efforts to achieve eco-environmental progress and high-quality development. Based on the requirements of its internal sustainable development, and its due responsibility for building a global community of shared future, China has formulated new principles on tackling climate change and is contributing its solutions to global climate governance.
中國把應(yīng)對氣候變化作為推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要抓手，基于中國實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求和推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)，形成應(yīng)對氣候變化新理念，以中國智慧為全球氣候治理貢獻(xiàn)力量。
1. Building a Strong Sense of Common Community
（一）牢固樹立共同體意識
China advocates a joint effort to build a global community of shared future. The earth is the only home we have. Human beings share a common future in the face of the challenges presented by global climate change, and no country can make itself immune from the impact. Therefore, all countries should strengthen solidarity and cooperation, and build a global community of shared future together. This is China's new vision for human development, in the common interest of all peoples.
堅(jiān)持共建人類命運(yùn)共同體。地球是人類唯一賴以生存的家園，面對全球氣候挑戰(zhàn)，人類是一榮俱榮、一損俱損的命運(yùn)共同體，沒有哪個(gè)國家能獨(dú)善其身。世界各國應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)、推進(jìn)合作，攜手共建人類命運(yùn)共同體。這是各國人民的共同期待，也是中國為人類發(fā)展提供的新方案。
China also advocates a community of harmony between humanity and nature. The Chinese people have always valued the idea that human beings are an integral part of nature and should follow the laws of nature. Industrial civilization, which has created massive material wealth, has also laid bare the growing tensions in the relationship between humans and nature. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has further stimulated profound reflection on that relationship. Mother Nature has nourished us, and we must treat her as our root, respect her, protect her, and follow her laws. Through a sense of responsibility to human civilization, China is making every effort to fight climate change, build a community of harmony between humanity and nature, and help foster a new relationship where humanity and nature can both live and prosper in harmony.
堅(jiān)持共建人與自然生命共同體。中華文明歷來崇尚天人合一、道法自然。但人類進(jìn)入工業(yè)文明時(shí)代以來，在創(chuàng)造巨大物質(zhì)財(cái)富的同時(shí)，人與自然深層次矛盾日益凸顯，當(dāng)前的新冠肺炎疫情更是觸發(fā)了對人與自然關(guān)系的深刻反思。大自然孕育撫養(yǎng)了人類，人類應(yīng)該以自然為根，尊重自然、順應(yīng)自然、保護(hù)自然。中國站在對人類文明負(fù)責(zé)的高度，積極應(yīng)對氣候變化，構(gòu)建人與自然生命共同體，推動(dòng)形成人與自然和諧共生新格局。
2. Implementing the New Development Philosophy
（二）貫徹新發(fā)展理念
Actions are driven by philosophies. In this new development stage, China pursues a philosophy that development must be innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared, and accelerates the pace in creating a new development dynamic. Among the five axes of the new philosophy, green development is a necessary condition for sustainability. It represents the people's aspiration for a better life, and is a key guide for China's climate actions. China holds the view that clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, and that eco-environmental protection and improvement lead to greater productivity. Mitigating climate change reflects the overall global transition towards green and low-carbon living. China has abandoned its previous development model that damaged or even destroyed the eco-environment. Instead, following the current technological revolution and industrial trends, it has seized the opportunities created by green transition, transformed and upgraded its economic and industrial structure and energy mix through innovation, and achieved a green recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. A better eco-environment is boosting China's sustainable economic and social development.
理念是行動(dòng)的先導(dǎo)。立足新發(fā)展階段，中國秉持創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，加快構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局。在新發(fā)展理念中，綠色發(fā)展是永續(xù)發(fā)展的必要條件和人民對美好生活追求的重要體現(xiàn)，也是應(yīng)對氣候變化問題的重要遵循。綠水青山就是金山銀山，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境就是保護(hù)生產(chǎn)力，改善生態(tài)環(huán)境就是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。應(yīng)對氣候變化代表了全球綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型的大方向。中國摒棄損害甚至破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境的發(fā)展模式，順應(yīng)當(dāng)代科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革趨勢，抓住綠色轉(zhuǎn)型帶來的巨大發(fā)展機(jī)遇，以創(chuàng)新為驅(qū)動(dòng)，大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色復(fù)蘇發(fā)展，讓良好生態(tài)環(huán)境成為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的支撐。
3. Taking a People-Centered Approach
（三）以人民為中心
Climate change poses a severe threat to the economic and social development of all countries and to people's lives and property. Therefore, our responses affect the fundamental interests of all people. Mitigating and adapting to climate change are essential for increasing the people's sense of eco-environmental gain, and will provide them with a fairer, more sustainable and safer environment that promotes higher quality and more efficient development. China puts people and lives first, and cherishes the life, value and dignity of every individual. Taking into full consideration the people's aspiration for a better life, their expectation of a sound eco-environment, and their responsibility for future generations, China is pioneering a new approach that synergizes the efforts to fight climate change, develop the economy, generate employment, eliminate poverty, and protect the environment. It guarantees and improves people's wellbeing through development, strives for social equity and justice in the process of green transition, and increases people's sense of gain, happiness and security.
氣候變化給各國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全帶來嚴(yán)重威脅，應(yīng)對氣候變化關(guān)系最廣大人民的根本利益。減緩與適應(yīng)氣候變化不僅是增強(qiáng)人民群眾生態(tài)環(huán)境獲得感的迫切需要，而且可以為人民提供更高質(zhì)量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續(xù)、更為安全的發(fā)展空間。中國堅(jiān)持人民至上、生命至上，呵護(hù)每個(gè)人的生命、價(jià)值、尊嚴(yán)，充分考慮人民對美好生活的向往、對優(yōu)良環(huán)境的期待、對子孫后代的責(zé)任，探索應(yīng)對氣候變化和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、消除貧困、保護(hù)環(huán)境的協(xié)同增效，在發(fā)展中保障和改善民生，在綠色轉(zhuǎn)型過程中努力實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平正義，增加人民獲得感、幸福感、安全感。
