評論
打印
Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, honourable ministers, distinguished delegates, Dr Singh, colleagues in the UN family, ladies and gentlemen,
主席先生、各位閣下、尊敬的各位部長、各位代表、Singh博士、聯合國大家庭的各位同仁、女士們、先生們：
I thank the government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh for hosting this Regional Committee. I thank this country’s friendly people for making us feel so welcome and at home.
我要感謝孟加拉人民共和國政府主辦這次區域委員會。我要感謝該國人民的友好精神，使我們感受到這般熱情和舒適。
Bangladesh has championed the importance of better health as a nation-building strategy. It has done so with a most appropriate emphasis. That is, on reaching the community at the grassroots level through its widespread network of community health workers.
孟加拉國一直將增進健康作為一項建國方略來捍衛其重要意義。通過最為適當的著力點已經這樣去做了。這就是利用社區衛生工作者這一廣泛網絡來接近基層社區。
This is a solid foundation for universal health coverage.
這是為全民健康覆蓋打下的一個堅實基礎。
It is one of the best ways to ensure that a country has the resilience to withstand shocks, whether from climate change, with its promise of more frequent and severe extreme weather events, or from a virus.
這是確保一個國家具備承受沖擊能力的最佳方式之一，而這種沖擊無論是來自具有更加頻繁并且更為嚴重的極端天氣事件可能的氣候變化，還是來自某一種病毒。
Like other parts of the world, countries in this region are on high alert for any possible importation of the Ebola virus in an air traveler.
本地區的各國與世界其它地方一樣，在埃博拉病毒可能通過飛機旅客輸入問題上保持高度警惕。
Hardly a day goes by without rumours of an imported case at an airport or in an emergency room somewhere in the world.
幾乎天天都會見到世界某些地方的某一個機場或者某一急診室出現輸入病例的傳聞。
This is understandable. The virus is deadly. The disease is dreadful. People are afraid.
這可以理解。這是個致命病毒。這個疾病令人畏懼。人們都很害怕。
This is the largest, most severe, and most complex Ebola outbreak ever seen in the nearly four-decade history of this disease. This is a fast-moving outbreak, with a number of unprecedented features, that is delivering one surprise after another.
這是該病出現近40年以來遇到的最大、最為嚴重且最為復雜的一次埃博拉疫情。疫情發展很快，伴有多個前所未有的征象，且一次又一次地使人感到意外。
As we look at what this virus has done to affected parts of west Africa, every country in the world wants to keep the Ebola virus out of its borders.
在我們審視這一病毒在西非疫情地區產生的影響之時，世界每個國家都希望將埃博拉病毒拒之國門之外。
What we see is this: decimated families and communities, abandoned villages, food and fuel shortages, uncollected bodies, two thousand fresh and recent graves, a rising number of orphans, and hospitals overflowing or shut down entirely.
我們看到的情況是：家庭和社區被毀，村莊遭遺棄，食品和燃料短缺，尸體無人收走，最近出現2000多個新墳墓，孤兒數量不斷上升，醫院人滿為患或者整體關閉。
As the economists tell us: Revenues are down. Foreign exchange levels are down. Markets are not functioning. Airlines and ships are not coming in. Development projects are being cancelled. And business people have pulled out.
正如經濟學家對我們所言：收入下降，外匯數量下滑，市場停滯，飛機和輪船不再進來，發展援助項目正在撤銷，商人已經撤出。
In some areas, no health services whatsoever are functioning. Not for malaria, or tuberculosis, or AIDS. Not for childhood diarrhoeal disease and pneumonia, or even safe childbirth. Not for anything.
在某些地區，沒有一處衛生服務可以運轉。沒有瘧疾、結核病或艾滋病服務，沒有兒童腹瀉疾病和肺炎服務，甚至也沒有安全生產服務。任何問題都沒有服務。
Honourable ministers, imagine, just imagine something like that happening to your country, to your people.
尊敬的各位部長，僅請設想一下要是這種事情發生在你們的國度，發生在你們的國民身上。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士們、先生們。
The whole world is watching this disease, and how WHO performs as we try to bring it under control.
整個世界都在注視這一疾病，在我們努力將其控制的過程中注視著世衛組織的表現如何。
What does this outbreak, that has been making headlines for months, tell us about the state of the world at large?
這次疫情一直是幾個月來的頭條新聞，它告訴我們世界上那些整體情況呢？
What does it tell world leaders, and the citizens who elect them, about the state and status of public health?
在公共衛生的狀況和狀態方面，它使世界領導人及其選民們知道了些什么？
I see six things.
我看有六個方面。
First, the outbreak spotlights the dangers of the world’s growing social and economic inequalities. The rich get the best care. The poor are left to die.
首先，這次疫情突顯了世界上社會和經濟不平等狀況持續加重的危險。富人得到最好治療。窮人則坐以待斃。
Second, rumours and panic are spreading even faster than the virus. Ebola sparks nearly universal fear. Fear vastly amplifies social disruption and economic losses well beyond the outbreak zones.
第二，傳言和恐慌的傳播速度比病毒還快。埃博拉幾乎在全世界范圍內觸發了恐懼。這種恐懼大大加大了在疫情發生地之外出現的社會混亂和經濟損失。
The World Bank estimates that the vast majority of economic losses during any outbreak arise from the uncoordinated and irrational efforts of the public to avoid infection.
世界銀行估計，疫情期間出現的絕大部分經濟損失源自公眾在避免感染方面所作的努力不夠協調并且不夠合理。
Third, when a deadly and dreaded virus hits the destitute and spirals out of control, the whole world is put at risk.
第三，當致命、可怕病毒影響到赤貧人員并且在失控情況下繼續上升時，整個世界都處于危險之中。
Our 21st century societies are interconnected, interdependent, and electronically wired together as never before. We see this now with a very dangerous outbreak in Nigeria’s oil and natural gas hub.
21世紀的社會相互關聯、相互依存并前所未有地以電子方式連在一起。現在通過在尼日利亞的石油和天然氣樞紐發生的一次十分危險疫情我們就看到了這一點。
Nigeria is the world’s fourth largest oil producer and second largest supplier of natural gas. The outbreak in the country’s energy hub can potentially dampen economic outlooks worldwide.
尼日利亞是世界第四大石油生產國，第二大天然氣供應國。在這個國家的能源樞紐暴發的疫情可能會對整個世界的經濟前景帶來陰影。
Fourth, decades of neglect of fundamental health systems and services mean that a shock, like climate change or a disease run wild, can bring a country to its knees.
第四，幾十年來對基本衛生體系和服務的忽視就意味著氣候變化或者疾病橫行等沖擊就可能使國家陷入癱瘓。
You cannot build these systems up during a crisis. Instead, they collapse. A dysfunctional health system means zero population resilience.
出現危機期間不可能建立起這類系統。相反，它們會遭受崩潰。衛生系統運轉失常就意味著整個人口沒有任何抵御力。
Fifth (and I feel very strongly about this): Ebola emerged nearly 40 years ago. Why are clinicians still empty-handed, with no vaccine or cure? Because Ebola has been, historically, geographically confined to poor African nations.
第五（對此我深有感觸）：埃博拉在近40年前就已出現。臨床醫生們為何依然兩手空空，沒有疫苗，也沒有治愈辦法？這是因為從歷史和地理角度看，埃博拉局限于處境貧寒的非洲國家。
The R&D incentive is virtually nonexistent. A profit-driven industry does not invest in products for markets that cannot pay.
幾乎沒有任何研發激勵動力。追求利益的廠家不會對沒有支付能力的市場產品作出投資。
We have been trying to make this issue visible for ages. Now people see it clearly and dramatically, in the daily headlines and TV news.
多年來我們一直努力使人們看到這一問題。現在人們可以在每日頭條和電視新聞中十分清晰地看到這一點了。
Finally, the world is ill-prepared to respond to any severe, sustained, and threatening public health emergency. This was the conclusion reached by a panel of experts commissioned to review events during the 2009 influenza pandemic and distil lessons for the future.
最后，這個世界并沒有為應對任何嚴重、持續性并且具有威脅的突發公共衛生事件作出很好準備。這是對2009年流感大流行事件進行審查并為將來吸取經驗的一個專家組作出的結論。
With Ebola, that prediction has come true.
在埃博拉問題上這一預言成真。
I also see two specific lessons for WHO.
我還看到世衛組織要吸取的兩條具體經驗。
One: We must continue to push for the inclusion of health, and health systems, on the post-2015 development agenda.
其一：我們必須繼續推動將衛生和衛生系統納入到2015年后發展議程之中。
We now have some much more compelling evidence for doing so, and a much more responsive audience. People are now willing to hear arguments that have fallen on deaf ears for years.
現在我們在這方面擁有更多令人信服的證據，也有更多富有責任的傾聽者。現在人們愿意聽取多年來被置若罔聞的論據。
Two: The pressures of this outbreak are revealing some cracks and weaknesses at WHO, some dysfunctional elements that must be corrected urgently as part of organizational reform. At all three levels.
其二：這次疫情壓力揭示出世衛組織存在的一些缺陷和弱點，某些運轉不良問題必須在組織改革過程中得到快速糾正。這涉及我們所有三個層面。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士們、先生們，
Let’s get down to business. You have a packed and important agenda.
我們言歸正傳。你們的會議議程十分緊湊且十分重要。
Accountability means counting. You must improve your systems for civil registration and vital statistics.
問責制就意味著數字計算。你們必須改善民事登記和生命統計系統。
You need more, and better educated, health-care staff. Find them. Train them. Encourage them. Give them the right incentives.
你們需要更多、受到更好教育的衛生保健工作人員。要找到他們，對他們進行培訓并加以鼓勵，要給他們適當獎賞。
Traditional medicine is important for this region. Improve it.
傳統醫學在本地區具有重要地位。要做出改進。
Continue to work on the various prongs of your strategy for preventing noncommunicable diseases, also by reducing the harmful use of alcohol.
繼續圍繞你們預防非傳染病疾病戰略的各個方面開展工作，也可通過減少有害使用酒精這一方法。
WHO has given countries a menu of proven alcohol policy options. They work. Use them.
世衛組織向各國提供了一份經過驗證的酒精政策方案選單。這些方案行之有效，要加以利用。
Viral hepatitis has finally emerged from obscurity to receive the attention it deserves. Make that attention even sharper.
病毒性肝炎最終從淹沒中顯現出來，得到了應有重視。要使這種重視更加鮮明。
I thank you for your attention and wish you a most productive session.
我要感謝你們的傾聽，祝這次會議取得豐富成果。
