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英語口譯三級精講第59講講義
被動語態
一、口譯練習：視譯+筆記+模擬考試
1、視譯（篇章分析）
2、筆記（熟悉原文的基礎上整理出一套適合自己的筆記方式）
3、模擬考試（分段聽、記、譯）
二、被動語態
1．英漢翻譯中的被動語態
1）被動語態轉為主動語態
A.原句主語不變
The whole country was armed in a few days.
幾天之內全國武裝起來了。
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
他在青少年時期留下的自卑感還遠遠沒有完全消除。
B.原句賓語譯成主語
By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.
戰爭結束時，這個組織拯救了800人。
Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.
全世界都將通信衛星用于國際間的實況轉播。
C.將被動語態譯為作表語的“是”
The picture was painted y Professor Smith.
這幅畫是史密斯教授畫的。
The house was built of wood in 1985.
這座房子是1985年用木頭修建的。
D.增加主語使譯句順暢
To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again.
為了探測月球的表面，人們一次又一次地發射火箭。
It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health.
眾所周之，吸煙對人體有害。
2）被動語態轉為無主句
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.
必須立即中止這種討厭的噪音。
Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.
已經注意到采取防腐新措施。
3）被動語態保持不變
A.譯為漢語的“被...”或“給...”結構
If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.
如果方案被批準，這項工程將立即動工。
At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.
月底，他因不勝任工作而被解雇了。
B.譯為漢語的“遭...”或“受...”結構
Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我們的對外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
Everyone was fed up with her gossip.
人人都受夠了她的流言蜚語。
C. 譯文漢語的“為...所”結構
Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.
這種行為將會為一切有良知的人所蔑視。
4）被動語態用其他結構代替
The village is populated by about 13,000 farmers.
這個村子里住著大約13,000農民。
She was delivered of a boy.
她生了一個男孩。
She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet.
她和丈夫應邀赴宴去了。
He has been wedded to translation.
他與翻譯結下不解之緣。
2．漢英翻譯中的被動語態
1）帶有被動標簽的漢語句子
他被選為校學生會主席。
He was elected as Chairman of the Students’ Union of this university.
她深受大家的尊敬。
She is greatly respected by everyone.
該計劃將由一個特別委員會加以審查。
The plan will be examined by a special committee.
2）不帶被動標簽的漢語句子
這座橋將在今年年底建成。
The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.
這個問題正在研究。
The problem is now being studied.
來賓請出示入場券。
Visitors are requested to show their tickets.
3）漢語主動結構轉為英語被動語態
中美已經建立了外交關系。
Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.
一群人立刻把他圍住了，向他提出一個又一個的問題。
Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions.
他出現在舞臺上，觀眾給予熱烈的掌聲。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
4）一些漢語習慣表達法的譯法
據傳那場事故是由于玩忽職守造成的。
It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.
應該說，情況基本上是健康的。
It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
必須指出，有些問題還需要澄清。
It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.
adj. 戲劇性的，引人注目的，給人深刻印象的
