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CATTI二級口譯精講第12講講義
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談到中美貿易問題，首先要看到一個最基本的事實，這就是25年來我們兩國之間的貿易有了巨 大的發展。從1979年的不足25億美元，發展到今天的1000多億美元，增長了幾十倍。這種巨額增長，是不是只 對一方有利而對另一方不利？或者說只是中國賺了而美國虧了？不是。事實上，兩國都從迅速發展的中美貿易 中獲得了巨大的利益。//
中美貿易之所以能迅速發展，根本原因在于兩國經濟具有極大的互補性。這種互補性，很大程 度上來自兩國資源條件、經濟結構以及消費水平存在著很大的差異。中國是最大的發展中國家，市場廣闊，發
展迅速，勞動力成本低，但資金短缺、科技和管理相對落后。//
美國是最大的發達國家，經濟總量大，資本充足，科技發達，但勞動力成本高。這種差異性和 互補性，將在今后長期存在，在經濟全球化的大背景下顯得更加突出。我認為，這就是中美貿易能夠持續快速 發展的客觀基礎。//
中國有一句描寫登泰山感受的古詩：“會當凌絕頂，一覽眾山小”。我們對待中美貿易問題， 要有這種高瞻遠矚的戰略眼光。諸如美中貿易逆差問題，人民幣匯率問題，知識產權保護問題，貴國社會各界 甚為關注。所有這些問題，是在中美貿易發展中出現的問題，是可以取得共識，也是可以逐步得到解決的，不
應該也不可能影響中美經貿發展大局。//
滔滔長河有時會卷起漩渦，漫漫歷史進程難免會發生波折。隨著中美經貿合作規模的擴大，有點摩擦在所難免。只要雙方有誠意，這類問題完全可以通過平等協商和擴大合作來加以妥善解決。//
回顧中美經貿關系發展25年的歷史，我們應當從中汲取一些重要的經驗和教訓。我愿意，就發展中美公平貿易和經濟合作提出五條原則，與各位商榷。這五條原則是：
第一、互利共贏。從大處著眼，既要考慮自己利益，又要考慮對方利益。
第二、把發展放在首位。通過擴大經貿合作來化解分歧。
第三、發揮雙邊經貿協調機制作用。及時溝通和磋商，避免矛盾激化。
第四、平等協商。求大同存小異，不動輒設限和制裁。
When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental fact, that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has experienced a tremendous expansion. From merely 2.5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today, the increase is dozens of times. Does such a huge increase benefit only one side at the expense of the other? Or is China the winner and the US the loser? The answer is obviously no. In fact, both countries have reaped tremendous benefits from the rapid expansion of China-US trade. //
The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies, in the final analysis, in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies, which, to a large extent, stems from their big differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption levels. China is the world’s largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. //
On the other hand, the US is the world’s largest developed country, big in economic size, abundant in capital, and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is very high. Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time, and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization. This, in my view, is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade. //
Depicting how the climber of the towering Mount Tai feels, an ancient Chinese poem goes, “I must ascend the mountain’s crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet.” When approaching problems in China-US trade, we also need to take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight. Problems such as US trade deficit with China, the RMB exchange rate, and intellectual protection, are of concern to many quarters of US society. But they are also problems that come along with expanded China-US trade, and they can be ironed out gradually since common understanding on them is entirely obtainable. They should not, and will not, stand in the way of the larger interests of China-US trade. //
As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river, the flows of history can also be interrupted by some occasional setbacks. As bilateral trade and economic relations grow in size, some frictions are hardly avoidable. So long as the two sides act in good faith, such problems can be resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation. //
A review of China-US trade and economic relations in the past quarter of a century reveals certain important experience and lessons that we should bear in mind. Now, I would like to propose the following five principles for fair trade and economic partnership between China and the US for your consideration: //
First, mutual benefit and win-win result. Thinking broadly, one should take account of the other’s interests while pursuing its own.
Second, development placed as number-one priority. Existing differences should be resolved through expanded trade and economic cooperation.
Third, greater scope to coordinating mechanisms in bilateral trade and economic relations. Disputes should be addressed in a timely manner through communication and consultation to avoid possible escalation.
Fourth, equal consultation. The two sides should seek consensus on major issues while reserving differences on minor issues, instead of imposing restrictions or sanctions at every turn.
