CATTI二級口譯精講第11講講義

思維理解 (二) 信息視覺化

語音、語義、語篇意義的產生有賴于認知知識，而認知知識并非完全以語言為載體存在于大腦 中，還有其他存儲方式。為了避免將精力放在字詞上，我們可以采用視覺化方法,邊聽邊將聽到的內容視覺化，用視覺跟蹤事態的發展，借助形象來記憶聽到的內容，這樣做既 可避免只聽字詞，還可在表達時實現通暢和清晰。

下面這段話就可以采用視覺化手段進行記憶:

There's something in the Persian Gulf waters near Kuwait that has been killing tens of thousands of fish. No one seems to know what it is or why the fish are dying, but scientists from around the world are descending on Kuwait in hopes of finding the answer. Tons of dead fish are appearing in Persian Gulf waters off the coast of Kuwait. Scientists say they have never seen anything like it. It started around the 10th of August. Since then, around 2,000 tons of dead fish, most mullet, have been recovered from Kuwaiti waters and dead fish are still appearing. The fish market in Kuwait has been shut down and is reported losing more than $ 1.5 million per day. The government has placed a ban on fishing in Kuwaiti waters and has set up a committee of inquiry. Scientists from around the world, including the United States and Britain, are either already in Kuwait or en route to help solve what has become a scientific mystery. The investigations thus far have been exhaustive. So far, scientists say their best guess for what is killing the fish is an infection caused by warmer-than- normal Persian Gulf waters. Temperatures in Kuwait over the past several weeks have been soaring above 50 degrees Celsius. However, the hot water theory is just one possible explanation. Scientists are also examining the possibility of sewage or agricultural bacteria being exposed to Persian Gulf waters. They say they have ruled out any possible connection to the 1991 Gulf War. Investigators hope they can find a definitive answer to what is killing Kuwait's fish within the next few weeks.

當我們聽到"killing tens of thousands of fish"時，可以聯想到一大片的死魚漂在海面上，對此我們一定也想知道其中的原因。接著下文講一些科學家突然抵達科威特，希望找出魚的死因。科學家到后，我們可以想象他們匆匆趕往波斯海灣，看到海邊數十噸的死魚不斷浮上水面，而科威特的市場也一片蕭條。這樣的串聯形象可以幫助我們記住講話中的細節。而且我們很快可以把握住講話的主旨是要說明魚群暴死的原因。信息視覺化在口譯中非常重要，它可以幫助我們丟掉語言形式，而將信息意義提煉出來。例如
在下面的一段話中，

Many people are too weak to be able to eat and that means that they have had to install a system called "wet feeding" with grains and it's mixed with water and it gurgles down easier.

如果我們將信息視覺化，眼前可以呈現出照片上經常出現的情景：孩子們坐在那里，骨瘦如柴、目光呆滯、非常虛弱，進而可以推斷出他們吃東西困難，只能吃流食。如果我們將注意力只集中在語言上的話，第一句很可能譯成"孩子們忘記了如何吃飯"，而且還會被wetfeeding這個詞所羈絆，費力去想它的對應詞，結果誤了聽下文。

漢譯英中，也同樣可以采用信息視覺化來理解講話的含義，如：我們第一次參觀秦俑還是在1992年。而秦俑是在1974年首次被發現的，那年，一些農民在挖井時挖到了一個陶俑頭。我們去的時候一切設施才剛剛開始建設，實際上一號坑還只是部分被發掘。現在二號、 三號坑都已在完工階段了。秦俑也已被聯合國教科文組織指定為世界歷史遺址。事實上，令人震驚的不僅是這 支地下軍隊的巨大的規模，還有秦俑復雜的形象，表情各異的神態，還有建筑構造，它設計獨特，可以保護秦 俑形象免遭自然力和污染的侵害。此時，我被空氣中彌漫的古老土壤氣息包圍著，仿佛可以聽到劍盾的撞擊聲.當我們在聽到"參觀兵馬俑"時，眼前涌現出兵馬俑的壯觀，表情各異的神態，以及凝重的歷史氛圍，再加上我們大腦中已儲存的對發掘兵馬俑的歷史背景，這樣我們就可以脫開語言的形式，抓住講話人 的含義，借助于故事和形象將信息的意義闡釋出來。

Practice

What we see now is the Washington National Cathedral. The Washington National Cathedral is one of the largest and most famous religious centers in the United States. It belongs to the Episcopal Church. The official name of the building is the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. But everyone calls it the National Cathedral because people of all religions are welcome to pray there.

The National Cathedral was built with money from private citizens. The work started in 1907, and the Cathedral was not completely finished until 1990. The first stone was laid in the presence of President Theodore Roosevelt. Every President of the United States since then has attended services or visited the Cathedral. It was built on 7,000 hectares of land on one of the highest places in the city. It looks like many of the great religious centers built in Europe about 800 years ago. The building is shaped like a cross or the letter T. In the center is a bell tower 91 meters high. Two more towers stand at the bottom of the cross.

Two hundred windows are set high in the walls of the National Cathedral. Most are made of many pieces of colored glass. They color the sunlight as it enters the building and spills across the floor. Some windows have flower designs. Others have images from Christian stories or from American heroes. In one window is a rock that was brought back from the moon.

The National Cathedral also celebrates American heroes. It has statues of Presidents George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, for example. And more than 150 famous Americans are buried there. They include President Woodrow Wilson, business leader Andrew Mellon and writer Helen Keller.

The Washington National Cathedral is open to all people for many religious events throughout the year. The Cathedral also holds Christian religious services, family activities, weddings, funerals, concerts and educational programs for children.

Now you have thirty minutes to look around.