CATTI二級口譯精講第10講講義

篇章練習

In no other country is the public as aware of or as interested in what the WTO is and what it means for their future. In China, countless numbers of books and articles have been published, and numerous television and radio programs aired, on this subject.1. Just type in the words "China and the WTO" on any internet search engine and you will find hundreds of websites devoted to this topic. In the WTO, China has shown a desire to play a significant role in shaping the future direction of the organization and to ensure success in the Doha Round. And we need China to play this role, and support the efforts to put the Round back on track, by helping to build a bridge that will serve the ambitions of both the developing and developed world. //

Failure to advance the Doha Round would certainly be a lost opportunity for China, as well as for other countries, to benefit from the economic growth that further liberalization can generate2. The absence of new progress in the Doha Round would further damage confidence in our already fragile global economy3.Despite China's strong economic performance, many of you, will of course, have felt the impact of the global economic slow-down. Global investment flows in 2002 fell for the third consecutive year to US$651 billion dollars—half the peak reached in 2000. Trade flows recovered last year after a decline in 2001 – but they are still well below levels achieved in 2000. //

Let me briefly now touch upon some of the elements of the Doha Development Agenda Work Program which are critical to advancing the Round. Indeed, the challenges China faces highlight some of the pressing issues confronting the WTO as it tries to live up to its mission of facilitating global prosperity. Notwithstanding the major achievements made in past rounds, there remain serious impediments to trade in agriculture, in industrial goods and in services. //

Tariff peaks and developed country tariffs which escalate with the level of processing are of particular concern for developing countries. But so are high tariffs between developing countries. Barriers to trade tend to be concentrated in agriculture, food products, textiles and clothing and other manufactured goods in which developing countries have comparative advantage. In agriculture, these impediments are also severely compounded by the fact that developing countries also have to compete in markets where huge subsidies abound – to the tune of 1 billion dollars a day in OECD countries4. //

Delivery on the Doha mandate on agriculture should help China to address its concern to raise rural incomes in order to avoid excessive migration to urban centers.

女士們、先生們，

任何一個國家的公眾對WTO本身和WTO對他們將來影響的認識和興趣，都沒有中國的公眾這么高。關于WTO的主題，中國有數不勝數的書籍、文章、電視和廣播節目。只要在因特網的搜索引擎中鍵入"中國和WTO"，你會找到數百個網站，包含這樣的信息。在WTO，中國非常愿意發揮重要的作用，規劃WTO未來的發展方向，保證多哈回合的成功。我們需要中國發揮這樣的作用，我們支持中國為使談判重新納入軌道而做出努力，我們希望中國能夠發揮橋梁作用，幫助發展中國家和發達國家實現自己的夢想。//

如果不能夠推進多哈回合，對中國，對其他的發展中國家來說，這必將意味著它們都失去了一 次從經濟增長和自由化中受益的機會。在新的多哈發展回合當中，如果沒有一些新的進展，它可能會導致人們 對已經非常脆弱的全球經濟失去信心。盡管現在中國的經濟運行情況非常不錯，但是你們肯定也都感覺到了全球經濟放緩的影響。從2000年開始，連續三年全球的資金流量都在下滑，

到2002年，已下降到6510億美元——只相當于2000年最高值的一半，雖然與2001年相比，去年貿易流量有所復蘇，但是遠遠低于2000年的水平。//

下面，我簡單地介紹推進多哈發展議程當中的幾個關鍵問題。無可置疑，中國面臨的挑戰也正是WTO急需解決的問題，因為WTO現在正在致力于完成其促進全球繁榮的使命。盡管在過去的一些談判回合當中 取得了重要的成就，但是在農業、工業產品和服務行業方面仍然存在著很多的貿易障礙。//發展中國家特別關 注高峰關稅和發達國家關稅升級的問題。事實上發展中國家之間的高關稅也是一個非常重要的問題。比如說， 在農產品、食物、紡織品、服裝以及其他制成品的貿易方面，發展中國家具有較強的優勢，但是高關稅卻成為 貿易的主要障礙。特別是在農業這個領域，由于市場上有著大量的補貼，OECD國家現在的補貼每天達十億美 元，因而補貼成為了發展中國家貿易方面的又一個主要障礙。//

在農業領域中，多哈談判應當幫助中國提高農村收入，避免過多的農村人口轉移到城市。


口譯講評Comments on Interpretation

1. "In China, countless numbers of books and articles have been published, and numerous television and radio programs aired, on this subject."英語中的被動語態，在漢語中經常譯為主動語態。在這句話中，我們可將"中國"轉化為主語，選用"有"作謂語動詞，這個詞可以同時包含"publish"和"air"的含義。所以該句可譯 為"關于WTO的主題，中國有數不勝數的書籍、文章、電視和廣播節目。"

2. "Failure to advance the Doha Round // would certainly be a lost opportunity for China, as well as for other countries, to benefit from the economic growth that further liberalization can generate."這句話如果直譯為："推進多哈回合的失敗對中國，對其他國家來說都意味著會喪失一次從自由化帶來的經濟增長中受益的機會。"譯文聽起來很別扭，不符合中文的習慣。我們不妨將該句拆譯為兩個句子，并添加連接詞，以體現兩個句子之間的邏輯關系。所以該句可譯為：如果不能夠推進多哈回合，對中國，對其他的發展中國家來說，必將意味著它們都失去了一次從經濟增長和自由化中受益的機會。此外，英語和漢語在表達肯定和否定意義時，經常出現截然不同的表達方式。英語用肯定結構表達的內容，地道的漢語可能用否定結構來表達；反之亦然。翻譯時就需要采用"逆向譯法"——即反說正譯或者正說反譯。文 中"failure"為肯定的說法，但是譯為漢語時，則可以反譯為"不能夠"。再比如："All sales are final"可以反譯為"售出概不退換"。

3. "The absence of new progress in the Doha Round // would further damage confidence in our already fragile global economy."譯法同上，可譯為：在多哈回合中，如果沒有一些新的進展，就可能會導致人們對已經非常脆弱的全球經濟失去信心。其中"absence"反譯為"沒有"。

4. "In agriculture, these impediments are also severely compounded— to the tune of 1 billion dollars a day in OECD countries."英漢兩種語言表達的重心不同，英文有"信息前置"的規律，即一般將關鍵的或是新的信息放在句子前部，以便給讀者留下清晰的印象，而漢語一般按邏輯順序和時間順序來安排意思，所以，主要信息通常出現在句子中偏后的部分。根據這一規律，所以該句可譯為："特別是在農業這個領域，由于市場上有著大量的補貼，現在OECD國家每天的補貼達十億美元，因而補貼成了發展中國家貿易方面的又一個主要障礙。"