CATTI二級口譯精講第5講講義

一、邏輯分析練習

I'm very happy to see such a large audience. But this lecture on the stock market is meant for beginners. A stock is an ownership share in a business. Companies sell stock as a way to raise money without borrowing. People buy stock as an investment, in the hope of making a profit on an increase in the stock's price.

The stock market in the United States began in New York City in 1792. The New York Stock Exchange is the oldest financial market in the United States, and the largest stock market in the world.

The stocks of more than three thousand American and international companies are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Together the stock represents about eighty percent of the value of all publicly owned companies in America.

Stockbrokers and dealers have been an important part of the traditional stock trading system. These financial experts are paid for their knowledge of financial markets and business. But, the Internet has made it easy for the general public to get information about companies and stocks. Many people now choose to control how their money is invested.

About fifty years ago, only five percent of Americans owned stock. They were usually very rich people trading shares with each other. Today, almost fifty percent of all Americans have stock holdings. And, sixteen percent of all stock trades take place over the Internet.

The expression used to describe such a period when the prices of most stocks are increasing is a "bull market.”A "bear market" is when most stock prices are falling as investors sell stocks.

Usually, investors in the United States have bought stocks they expected .to keep for many years. Over the long-term, the stock market has always increased. Short-term price decreases only affect people who sell stocks at prices lower than they paid for them. That is why during bull markets, experts tell investors to keep their stocks rather than to sell.

Recently, however, short-term trading has become more popular, especially one kind called day trading. Day traders seek to earn money from the daily changes in the price of a stock. Day trading is an extremely risky form of investing. It is possible to gain a large amount of money very quickly by day trading. Most day traders, however, lose money.

The performance of the stock market is measured by stock indexes. The Dow Jones Industrial Average follows the share prices of thirty leading industrial companies in the United States. The NASDAQ Composite Index is also a major stock index.

People usually have invested in companies that have strong earnings and a large share in their business market. But over the last few rears, stocks of companies that promise future growth have had the greatest demand.

In a few years, investors should be able to trade stocks twenty-four hours a day. Seven days a week. And, in the future, financial markets around the world are expected to be linked. We just have to be a little bit more patient。


二、主題篇章練習——教育詞匯

教育方針 education policy
面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來 be oriented to modernization, the world and the future
升學率 proportion of students entering higher schools
實現高等教育大眾化 provide an education with all-round development in all schools and higher-learning institutions
德智體美全面發展 develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically
人才競爭 competition for qualified human resources
增強綜合國力 enhance the overall strength of the country
優化教育結構 optimize the education structure
優化教師隊伍 optimize the teaching staff
遠程教育 distance education
普及九年制義務教育 make the nine-year compulsory education universal
掃盲 eliminate illiteracy
輟學青少年 school drop-out
學分制 credit system
創新精神 creativity/ innovation
大學生創業 university students’ innovative undertaking
準博士 all but dissertation（ABD）
博士后科研流動站 Post-doctorate R&D Base
國家重點實驗室 National Key Laboratory
國家重點科技攻關項目 national key scientific and technological project
人文社科國家重點研究基地 National Key Research Center for Social Sciences
同等學歷 have the same educational level (as the regular graduate or student of certain academic qualification)
特困生 the most needy student
民辦學校 schools run by non-governmental sectors
社會力量辦學 manage a school with societal resources
在職培訓 on-job training；in-service training
單軌制 one-track system
雙軌制 two-track system
放寬報名考生年齡限制 relax restriction on the required age of exam candidates
短訓班 short-term class
進修班 refresher course
速成班 crash course
勤工助學 work-study
考勤 check roll
轉學 school transfer
休學 schooling suspension
開除學籍 expulsion from school
品學兼優 excellent in character and learning
德才兼備 combine character with ability/ equal stress on integrity and ability
教書育人 educate a person as well as inform book knowledge
因材施教 individualized instruction
人才流失 brain-drain situation
復合型人才 inter-disciplinary talent
走讀生 day student / non-resident student
必修課 compulsory course / required course
選修課 optional course/ selective course
文化沖擊 culture shock
民間文化folk culture
都市文化 urban culture
諸子百家 the masters’ hundred schools
天下為公 The world is for all.
弘揚本民族優秀文化 carry forward one’s fine cultural heritage
文化多元化 cultural pluralism; multiculturalism
主導文化 dominant culture
“親仁善鄰”Benevolence and good-neighborliness