Tourism,Globalization and Sustainable Development

旅游，全球化與可持續發展

Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves.While conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problem,the United Nations contends that such negative effects can be controlled and reduced.

旅游業是全球經濟中發展最快的行業之一。發展中國家為了刺激海外投資和增加財政儲備，都試圖通過這個快速發展的產業獲利。聯合國一方面承認這個產業不受控制的發展會導致嚴重的環境和社會問題，但是另一方面卻堅持認為，這些負面影響是能夠得到控制和縮小的。

cash in：從…中牟利；兌現

in an attempt to：試圖；企圖 eg：The police fired into the air in an attempt to disperse the crowd.警察朝天開槍，企圖驅散人群。

foreign investment：海外投資 eg：To absorb foreign investment. 吸引外商投資。

Many developing countries facing debt burdens and worsening trade terms,have turned to tourism promotion in the hope that it bings foreign exchange and investment.Simultaneously,leading international agencies such as the World Bank,United Nations agencies and business organisations like the World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC),have been substantially involved to make tourism a truly global industry.

許多發展中國家，正面臨沉重的債務負擔和日漸刻薄的貿易條款，他們紛紛轉向振興旅游業，期望它能帶動外匯和投資。與此同時，世界銀行和聯合國機構這樣的全球主要國際機構，以及世界旅游理事會這類的商業組織，事實上都已參與進推動旅游業成為一個真正的全球產業的行動中來了。

turn to: 1.求助于，求教于：She turned to me for advice. 她求教于我。2.致力于：He turned to the study of Shakespeare.他致力于莎士比亞的研究。

in the hope that:懷著對。。。的期望；希望能。。。I am dong this in the hope that you can improve your English even faster.

World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC)：世界旅游及旅行理事會

However,tourism in developing countries is ofen viewed by critics as an extension of former colonial conditions because from the very beginnig,it has benifited from international economic relationships that structurally favor the advanced capitalist countries in the North.Unequal trading relationships,dependence on foreign interests,and the division of labor have relegated poor countries in the South to becoming tourism recipients and affluent countries in the North to the position of tourism generators.

然而，在批評者看來，發展中國家的旅游業往往是先前殖民統治的一種延續，因為從一開始，它就獲利于國際經濟關系，這種關系在結構上是有利于北半球發達的資本主義國家。不平等的貿易關系，對海外利益的依賴和勞動的分工使得南半球貧窮的國家淪為旅游業的接待者，北方富裕的國家則處于旅游生產者的地位。

The North is used to refer to the richer, more developed countries of the world. 北方發達國家

最后一句話的主語很長，是：Unequal trading relationships,dependence on foreign interests,and the division of labor

補充：英漢互譯中的增詞法和減詞法

由于英漢兩種語言在語法，詞義，修辭和文化等方面的差異，翻譯時無法將原文中的每一個詞轉換成譯入語中的另一個詞，因而就有必要做一些增減，使譯文更加通順流暢，符合譯入語的行文習慣。增詞法，即在翻譯時增加一些原文字面上沒有的詞語：減詞法則是將原文中需要而譯文中顯得多余的詞省去。增減的是詞，表達的是意！

例：

I've been rich and I've been poor----and i can tell you ,rich is better. 富裕也好，貧窮也罷，我都經歷過。說實話，富裕肯定要比貧窮好。（省略關聯詞和已經出現過的作主語的人稱代詞）

活到老，學到老。 One is never too old to learn.（增添了人稱代詞）