Section 1 英譯漢 (60分)

按照法律規(guī)定，在英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士，家長一定要使自己的孩子在5歲至16歲期間在學(xué)校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北愛爾蘭則為4歲至16歲。大約93%的學(xué)生享受公家提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的免費(fèi)教育，其他學(xué)生上獨(dú)立學(xué)校，這種學(xué)校靠學(xué)生家長繳費(fèi)來籌措經(jīng)費(fèi)。

許多三、四歲的孩子上幼兒園和幼兒班（在英格蘭還有小學(xué)校里的小班）。某些民辦的日托幼兒園和學(xué)前游戲小組（大都是家長組織的）也提供學(xué)前教育。

政府已作出承諾，要大力發(fā)展學(xué)前教育，使所有的兒童在開始上學(xué)的時(shí)候在識字和識數(shù)方面都有一點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)。在英格蘭和威爾士，政府從1998年9月開始為所有4歲的孩子提供免費(fèi)幼兒教育，如果他們的父母需要的話。政府還承諾，隨后要分階段實(shí)現(xiàn)為三歲的孩子提供免費(fèi)幼兒教育的目標(biāo)。為達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)，地方教育當(dāng)局與民間志愿辦學(xué)者合作，已制定出“早期教育發(fā)展計(jì)劃”。制訂這類計(jì)劃意在表明民辦幼兒園、游戲小組和學(xué)校可以怎樣通過合作來最好地為孩子和家長服務(wù)。從1999年4月起，早期教育發(fā)展組織和發(fā)展計(jì)劃將擴(kuò)大范圍，以提供與早期教育相結(jié)合的優(yōu)良的兒童保健。此外，政府還在英格蘭與地方當(dāng)局以及其它部門合作建立“優(yōu)秀早期教育中心”，以展示教育與兒童保健方面的好的做法。

在蘇格蘭，地方教育當(dāng)局一直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這方面的工作。1998年8月以來，他們與民間志愿辦學(xué)者合作，進(jìn)行規(guī)劃，協(xié)調(diào)學(xué)前教育，提供更多名額。政府計(jì)劃在1998年冬季前使所有的兒童在上學(xué)前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。

北愛爾蘭義務(wù)教育入學(xué)年齡較低，為4歲，每年9月學(xué)生按統(tǒng)一日期入學(xué)。一項(xiàng)由教育局與圖書館管理局、其它法定辦學(xué)單位和民間志愿辦學(xué)者聯(lián)合執(zhí)行的學(xué)前教育發(fā)展計(jì)劃已經(jīng)增加了學(xué)前教育學(xué)生的名額。

Section 2 漢譯英(40分)

It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xin’s house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.”

Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms.

Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started them on the road they have since followed.