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筆譯實務
Section 1 English-Chinese Translation(英譯漢)(50 points)
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
The runaway success of Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.
Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.
Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.
“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”
For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.
Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.
Passage 2
Just east of Argentina’s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta — “dead cow” in English — has finally come to life.
In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country’s long-stagnant economy.
“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF’s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”
Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.
Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.
Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina’s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.
Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.
So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.
Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.
Section 2 Chinese-English Translation(漢譯英)(50 points)
Translate the following two passages into Chinese.
Passage 1
和平穩定是發展的前提和基礎。上個世紀，人類經歷了兩次世界大戰，生靈涂炭，經濟社會發展遭受嚴重挫折。第二次世界大戰結束以來，世界經濟能夠快速增長，主要得益于相對和平穩定的國際環境。
我們應該恪守聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，充分發揮聯合國及其安理會在維護和平、締造和平、建設和平方面的核心作用。堅持通過對話和協商，以和平方式解決國際爭端。
我們應該堅持國家不論大小、強弱、貧富都是國際社會平等一員，以民主、包容、合作、共贏的精神實現共同安全，做到一國內部的事情一國自主辦、大家共同的事情大家商量辦，堅定不移奉行多邊主義和國際合作，推進國際關系民主化。
我們應該營造支持各國根據本國國情實現和平、穩定、繁榮的國際環境。應該本著求同存異的原則，尊重各國主權和選擇發展道路和發展模式的權利，尊重文明多樣性，在交流互鑒、取長補短中相得益彰、共同進步。
Passage 2
1882年中國第一盞電燈在上海點亮，這使得中國逐漸告別了油燈和蠟燭照明的歷史，當時使用的電燈就是白熾燈，這一用就是130年，中國也成為白熾燈的生產和消費大國。
早在1996年，中國就啟動實施了“綠色照明工程”，中國綠色照明工程的實施，推動了照明電器行業結構的優化升級和產品質量的整體提升，經過多年努力，中國節能燈產品質量水平日益提高，一些企業產品質量和工藝水平已達到世界領先水平。高效照明產品及技術的日益成熟為逐步淘汰白熾燈提供了重要保障。
中國節能燈的全球市場占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。
